Jakarta’s colonial past is vividly preserved in its historic churches, which are drawing increased attention as destinations for religious tourism leading up to Christmas. Three churches in particular – Sion Church, Jakarta Cathedral, and Tugu Church – offer a unique combination of historical significance, architectural beauty, and peaceful settings.
Jakarta’s Historic Churches
Sion Church: A Foundation in History
Established in 1695, Sion Church, also known as Portugeesche Buitenkerk, is the oldest functioning church in Indonesia. Originally built by the VOC to serve the Portuguese community in Batavia, the church’s stability is ensured by a foundation of 10,000 ironwood pillars. Its architecture blends Portuguese and Greek styles, and features six pillars symbolizing guardian angels. A historic organ, gifted in 1860, remains in use, though only three Indonesians currently possess the skill to play it. The church bell dates back to 1675, making it the third-oldest in Indonesia.
Jakarta Cathedral: A ‘Miniature Vatican’
The Jakarta Cathedral, officially the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, has stood as an icon since 1901. Its history began with a simple bamboo structure in 1808, followed by rebuilding after a fire in 1826 and a roof collapse in 1890. The current neo-Gothic structure was designed by Father Antonius Dijkmans, SJ. Often called a ‘miniature Vatican’ due to its European-style architecture, the Cathedral is located near the Istiqlal Mosque and symbolizes religious harmony. During Christmas, the Cathedral is decorated with candles and ornaments, and its midnight mass is a significant event.
Tugu Church: A Legacy of Freedom
Tugu Church (GPIB Tugu), established in 1678 in North Jakarta’s Kampung Tugu, Cilincing, holds a unique history. It was founded by the Mardijkers, formerly enslaved people from India, Malacca, and Bengal who were freed by the VOC. They integrated into local culture while maintaining their Protestant Christian faith. The church was initially Catholic before becoming Protestant following Dutch control of the area. The name ‘Tugu’ comes from Kampung Tugu, a Betawi-Portuguese community. Its architecture reflects a blend of European and local cultural influences.
These three churches offer visitors a chance to experience both the colonial past and a sense of peaceful reflection, particularly during the Christmas season.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the oldest functioning church in Indonesia?
Sion Church, also known as Portugeesche Buitenkerk, is the oldest functioning church in Indonesia, established in 1695.
What architectural style is Jakarta Cathedral known for?
Jakarta Cathedral is known for its grand neo-Gothic European-style architecture, often referred to as a ‘miniature Vatican.’
Who founded Tugu Church?
Tugu Church was established in 1678 by the Mardijkers community, former enslaved persons from India, Malacca, and Bengal who were freed by the VOC.
As Jakarta prepares for Christmas, what role do these historical sites play in connecting the present with the city’s rich and layered past?
