Khaleda Zia, the former prime minister of Bangladesh and a defining figure in the nation’s politics for decades, has died, her political party announced Tuesday. She was 80 years old.
A Legacy Defined by Rivalry
Zia’s passing marks the end of an era dominated by her intense political rivalry with Sheikh Hasina. The two women shaped Bangladeshi politics for a generation, leading opposing sides in a frequently contentious struggle for power. Zia was the country’s first female prime minister, winning elections in 1991 and again in 2001.
Political Battles and Recent Developments
Zia faced a number of corruption cases, which she maintained were politically motivated. However, in January 2025, the Supreme Court acquitted her in the final outstanding case, clearing the way for her to potentially contest the February 2026 elections. She returned to Bangladesh in May after receiving medical treatment in the United Kingdom, having been permitted to travel abroad by the interim government after at least 18 prior requests were denied by Hasina’s government.
Despite ongoing health challenges, Zia vowed in November to campaign in the upcoming elections, where her party, the BNP, was considered a frontrunner. She was hospitalized in late November, and her condition deteriorated despite medical care.
What Happens Next?
The BNP could rally around a new leader to maintain momentum heading into the February 2026 elections. It is also possible that Zia’s death could lead to internal divisions within the party as different factions vie for control. Alternatively, the political climate could become more volatile, potentially impacting the election process itself. The outcome of the elections, the first since a mass uprising toppled Sheikh Hasina last year, remains to be seen.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Khaleda Zia?
Khaleda Zia was the former prime minister of Bangladesh and the chairperson of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). She was the country’s first female prime minister, serving two terms – from 1991 and again from 2001.
What was Zia’s relationship with Sheikh Hasina?
Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina were long-time political rivals, and their rivalry defined Bangladeshi politics for a generation. They were opponents in multiple elections.
When did Zia return to Bangladesh after medical treatment?
Khaleda Zia returned to Bangladesh in May after undergoing medical treatment in the UK.
How will Zia’s death impact the upcoming elections in Bangladesh?
