Researchers have recently documented several previously unrecorded species of box jellyfish in the Philippines, adding to the understanding of marine biodiversity in the Coral Triangle – a region recognized as one of the world’s richest marine ecosystems.
New Discoveries in Philippine Waters
The research team, comprised of scientists from The Philippine Jellyfish Stings Project, the University of the Philippines – Diliman, the Batavia Coast Maritime Institute in Western Australia, and photographers from RY Photography, Anilao Critters Studio, and Squires Sports Philippines, identified the first Philippine records of Alatina alata, Carybdea cuboides, Malo sp., and Morbakka virulenta. They also confirmed new records for Copula sivickisi and Malo filipina.
According to Dr. Sheldon Rey Boco, studying these jellyfish is crucial for three key reasons: their role in the marine food chain, their potential as indicators of ecosystem health, and the medical implications of their potent venom. Many carybdeid species are capable of causing Irukandji syndrome.
Challenges and Citizen Science
The team faced significant challenges in observing these jellyfish, as most species live in offshore waters at least 100 meters from shore and at depths of 20 to 30 meters. They employed both in situ observations – using underwater photography and videography – and citizen science, relying on contributions from recreational divers.
However, verifying the authenticity of images submitted through citizen science proved complex, particularly with the rise of AI-generated imagery. Researchers meticulously examined metadata, lighting, water conditions, and anatomical details to ensure accuracy.
The team’s findings were published in Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences.
Future Research
Researchers plan to streamline the citizen science process, aiming to collect high-quality sightings with minimal input from participants. They also intend to conduct more in situ experiments during nighttime blackwater dives to better understand jellyfish behavior and environmental conditions. The ultimate goal is to predict the future distribution of these species, not only in the Philippines but also in surrounding seas.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Coral Triangle?
The Philippines is located within the Coral Triangle, which is recognized as one of the world’s richest marine ecosystems.
What methods did the researchers use?
The team combined in situ observations, using high-resolution underwater photography and videography, with citizen science initiatives that were verified through digital authentication.
Why is it difficult to study these jellyfish?
Studying carybdeids is challenging because most species dwell in offshore waters at least 100 meters from shore and in depths of 20 to 30 meters.
Given the potential impact of these jellyfish on both marine ecosystems and human health, what further research priorities should be considered to protect both the environment and local communities?
