Pakistan’s 5G Rollout: A Phased Approach to Faster Connectivity
The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is moving forward with its 5G spectrum auction, recently revising the Information Memorandum (IM) and scheduling an informational session for prospective applicants. Although the auction doesn’t anticipate new entrants, the participation of Jazz, Zong, and the merged Ufone-Telenor (PTCL) entity signals a significant step towards enhanced mobile connectivity across the nation.
Quality of Service: A Gradual Upgrade
A key aspect of the revised IM is the phased implementation of Quality of Service (QoS) upgrades. Despite objections from telecom companies, the PTA is maintaining existing QoS thresholds, prioritizing improved data and telecom services for consumers. This approach, divided into four phases spanning until 2035, will see a progressive increase in median downlink speeds for both 4G and 5G networks.
Phase 1 (2026-2028) sets the bar at 20 Mbps for 4G and 50 Mbps for 5G. Phase 2 (2028-2030) aims for 35 Mbps and 75 Mbps respectively. The final phases, 3 and 4 (2030-2035), will demand 50 Mbps for 4G and 100 Mbps for 5G. Uplink speeds will consistently remain at 20% of the downlink speed throughout all phases.
Technical Coordination and Regional Considerations
The amended IM introduces new technical requirements focused on coordination. Operators will need to synchronize with other Pakistani operators and align arrangements across different frequency bands, in collaboration with the PTA and the Frequency Allocation Board (FAB). Crucially, operators must also adhere to existing and future agreements with neighboring countries, particularly India.
The PTA anticipates that synchronization agreements with India will likely involve ‘Clock Synchronisation’ following ECC recommendations, requiring a 4:1 frame structure for 4G and an 8:2 structure for 5G NR.
Implications for Consumers and Businesses
This phased approach to 5G rollout has significant implications. While immediate, dramatic speed increases aren’t expected, the gradual upgrades will ensure a more stable and reliable network experience as 5G infrastructure expands. This is particularly important for supporting emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, and advanced industrial applications.
The focus on QoS also addresses a recurring concern for Pakistani consumers. Recent PTA data, including reports from December 2025, shows Jazz receiving the most consumer complaints, highlighting the need for improved service quality. The PTA’s actions aim to mitigate these issues and foster greater consumer satisfaction.
Did you know? The PTA was established in 1996 through the Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Act, solidifying its role as the primary regulator for Pakistan’s telecom sector.
The Role of Key Players
The participation of Jazz and Zong, identified as top network operators in a 2024 PTA Quality of Service (QoS) Survey, is crucial for driving the 5G rollout. The merger of Ufone and Telenor under the PTCL umbrella creates a significant player with the potential to accelerate network expansion and service innovation. The absence of new entrants suggests a consolidation of the market, placing greater responsibility on existing operators to deliver on the promise of 5G.
Future Trends and Challenges
Looking ahead, several trends will shape the future of Pakistan’s 5G landscape. Increased investment in fiber optic infrastructure will be essential to support the higher bandwidth demands of 5G. The development of local content and applications optimized for 5G will also be critical to unlocking its full potential. Addressing the digital divide and ensuring affordable access to 5G services for all segments of the population will remain a key challenge.
Pro Tip: Understanding the phased QoS upgrades outlined by the PTA can help consumers make informed decisions about their mobile plans, and devices.
FAQ
Q: What is the purpose of the PTA’s revised Information Memorandum?
A: The revised IM outlines the technical and regulatory framework for the upcoming 5G spectrum auction and details the phased implementation of QoS upgrades.
Q: Which companies are participating in the 5G spectrum auction?
A: Jazz, Zong, and PTCL (representing Ufone-Telenor) are the main participants.
Q: What are the key QoS targets for 5G?
A: The target median downlink speed for 5G will increase from 50 Mbps (Phase 1) to 100 Mbps (Phases 3 & 4).
Q: Why is coordination with India important?
A: Synchronization agreements with India are necessary to avoid interference and ensure seamless network operation, particularly regarding clock synchronization.
Q: What does the PTA do?
A: The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority regulates the establishment, operation, and maintenance of telecommunication systems and services in Pakistan.
What are your thoughts on the future of 5G in Pakistan? Share your opinions in the comments below!
