Chikungunya’s Expanding Reach: A Growing Threat Across Europe
The tropical disease chikungunya, once largely confined to warmer climates, is now firmly establishing itself across Europe. Recent research, highlighted by The Guardian, reveals a concerning trend: the Aedes mosquito, the primary vector for the virus, is thriving in a continent experiencing rising temperatures due to the climate crisis.
The Role of the Asian Tiger Mosquito
The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is the key driver of this expansion. It’s responsible for spreading not only chikungunya but also diseases like dengue, and Zika. The mosquito’s ability to transmit chikungunya is now viable for more than six months a year in countries including Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. Even regions previously considered too cold, such as southeastern England, are now experiencing periods of transmission lasting up to two months annually.
Lower Temperature Thresholds Fuel Spread
Scientists have discovered that the virus can now spread at lower temperatures than previously thought – around 13-14 degrees Celsius, a decrease of 2.5 degrees from earlier estimates. This expanded temperature range significantly increases the areas where the mosquito can survive and transmit the disease.
France saw a dramatic increase in cases in 2025, with over 800 reported infections, a stark contrast to the average of just 30 cases recorded in the preceding decade.
The Impact of Chikungunya: Beyond the Fever
Chikungunya is characterized by high fever and, most notably, severe joint pain. This joint pain can persist for months, even years, impacting quality of life. Approximately 40% of patients continue to experience significant discomfort five years after initial infection.
Chikungunya in the Netherlands and Beyond
The Asian tiger mosquito has been detected in 29 European countries and is increasingly being reported in the Netherlands. Warnings issued in December of last year suggested the mosquito could become permanently established in the Netherlands within five years, making eradication efforts unlikely.
Prevention and Preparedness
Protecting against chikungunya primarily involves preventing mosquito bites, especially during peak activity hours. This includes wearing protective clothing and using mosquito repellents containing DEET.
Did you know?
Chikungunya translates to “that which bends up one who is affected with fever” in the Makonde language, a reference to the debilitating joint pain caused by the virus.
FAQ: Chikungunya in Europe
Q: What are the symptoms of chikungunya?
A: Symptoms include high fever, severe joint pain, headache, rash, and fatigue.
Q: How is chikungunya transmitted?
A: Chikungunya is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.
Q: Is there a cure for chikungunya?
A: There is currently no specific medication to cure chikungunya, treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
Q: What can I do to protect myself?
A: Use mosquito repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, and sleep under mosquito nets.
Pro Tip:
Eliminate standing water around your home, as this provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
Stay informed about the latest developments in chikungunya transmission and prevention. For more information, consult resources from the RIVM and the ECDC.
What are your thoughts on the increasing spread of mosquito-borne diseases in Europe? Share your concerns and experiences in the comments below!
