Sexually Transmitted Fungal Infection: Minnesota Outbreak Signals a Growing Trend
Health officials in Minnesota are grappling with an outbreak of a sexually transmitted fungal infection, raising concerns about a potentially expanding public health issue. The infection, caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes type VII (TMVII), is a type of ringworm that manifests as a red, irritated rash on various parts of the body.
What is TMVII and How is it Spread?
TMVII is a fungus known to cause ringworm – characterized by round, coin-like rashes. Unlike typical fungal skin infections, this strain is spreading through skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact. The fungus can also survive on surfaces, contributing to its transmission.
The first confirmed case in Minnesota emerged in July 2025, with the number of identified cases growing to 14 confirmed and 27 suspected as of February 2026, all within the Twin Cities metropolitan area. This has prompted Minnesota’s Department of Health (MDH) to establish an enhanced surveillance system.
A National Pattern Emerges
Minnesota isn’t alone. The first U.S. Case of TMVII was identified in New York in 2024, linked to a man with multiple male sexual partners who had recently traveled in Europe. Reports from Europe suggest the infection has been circulating locally among men who have sex with men (MSM). Since then, cases have been identified in multiple U.S. Cities, indicating a broader national trend.
While the Minnesota cluster appears to be the “largest known outbreak” in the U.S., determining this definitively is challenging. TMVII is not currently a reportable infection, meaning consistent surveillance data across all jurisdictions is lacking.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of TMVII infection include round, red and irritated rashes appearing on the arms, buttocks, trunk, genitals, and legs. These rashes can be itchy and painful. The infection can sometimes be mistaken for eczema due to the similarity in appearance.
Diagnosis often involves clinical evaluation of the rash, and because the infection doesn’t respond to typical antifungal treatments, further testing is often required. This may include a skin scraping for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of the fungus.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for TMVII requires oral antifungal medication taken over several weeks, as topical creams are generally ineffective. Preventative measures include avoiding sharing personal items like towels and bedding, and practicing good hygiene in shared spaces like gyms and showers.
Individuals experiencing symptoms are advised to abstain from sexual activity and seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further spread and potential complications.
Who is Most at Risk?
While anyone can contract TMVII through skin-to-skin contact, certain groups may be at higher risk. Experts suggest that men who have sex with men and individuals involved in the sex industry are particularly vulnerable. Those with a history of sexually transmitted infections may also be more susceptible.
Understanding the Rise of Sexually Transmitted Fungal Infections
The emergence of TMVII as a sexually transmitted infection highlights a growing trend of fungal infections adapting and spreading through new pathways. Traditionally, fungal infections were considered primarily hygiene-related, but this outbreak demonstrates their potential for sexual transmission.
The Role of Travel and Globalization
The initial case in New York, linked to travel in Europe, underscores the role of globalization in the spread of infectious diseases. Increased international travel allows for the rapid dissemination of pathogens across borders, making surveillance and rapid response even more critical.
The Importance of Enhanced Surveillance
The lack of consistent surveillance data for TMVII across the U.S. Hinders efforts to accurately assess the scope of the outbreak and implement effective control measures. Improving surveillance systems and making TMVII a reportable infection could provide valuable insights into its prevalence and transmission patterns.
FAQ
What is TMVII?
TMVII is a type of fungus that causes ringworm and can be spread through skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact.
How is TMVII treated?
Treatment requires oral antifungal medication prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Is TMVII common?
TMVII is a relatively new emerging infection, and its prevalence is still being determined. Outbreaks have been reported in several U.S. Cities and in Europe.
Can I get TMVII from sharing towels?
Yes, the fungus can survive on surfaces, so sharing towels or other personal items can contribute to its spread.
What should I do if I believe I have TMVII?
Seek medical attention immediately and abstain from sexual activity until you receive a diagnosis and treatment plan.
Pro Tip: If you notice a rash that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter antifungal creams, consult a doctor to rule out TMVII or other infections.
Did you realize? The first U.S. Case of TMVII was identified in 2024, highlighting the recent emergence of this strain as a public health concern.
Stay informed about emerging health threats and prioritize preventative measures. If you have concerns about potential exposure to TMVII, consult with a healthcare professional for guidance and testing.
