US Re-Engagement in the Sahel: A Shift in Strategy?
A recent flurry of diplomatic activity by a senior US official – visits to Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger – signals a potential turning point in relations between the United States and the Sahel region. These visits come after a period of strained ties following military coups in each nation between 2020 and 2023, leading to the suspension of significant US aid and military cooperation.
From Suspension to Re-Engagement
The US had previously suspended substantial development and military aid following the coups. Niger, in September 2024, specifically requested and secured the withdrawal of US troops involved in counter-jihadist operations. However, with the return of Donald Trump to the US presidency in early 2025, a new approach has emerged, prioritizing “making trade diplomacy a central axis” of US engagement in Africa.
Focus on Economic and Security Cooperation
The US official, Nick Checker from the Bureau of African Affairs, has been meeting with leaders in each country to discuss strengthening bilateral relations. Discussions in Niger with Minister of Foreign Affairs Bakary Yaou Sangaré and Prime Minister Ali Mahamane Lamine Zen centered on relaunching cooperation on “new bases” and rebuilding trust. Key areas of focus include economic and commercial cooperation, as well as the ongoing fight against terrorism.
The AES Alliance and Regional Dynamics
These three nations – Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger – have formed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a confederation advocating for sovereignist and anti-imperialist policies. The AES region is grappling with significant violence from jihadist groups linked to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, posing a major security challenge. The AES aims to address these challenges collectively.
A New Approach to Counter-Terrorism?
The renewed US interest comes as the AES is attempting to establish its own regional force. It remains to be seen whether this force will succeed where the G5 Sahel joint military effort – involving Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger – previously faltered. The AES Unified Force is intended to provide a more coordinated response to the escalating security threats.
ICC Withdrawal and Implications
The political landscape is further complicated by the withdrawal of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from the International Criminal Court (ICC). This decision has been criticized as a setback for international justice and accountability, potentially hindering efforts to address human rights concerns in the region.
Did you know?
The Alliance of Sahel States (AES) represents a significant shift in regional power dynamics, as these nations seek to forge a new path independent of traditional Western partners.
Frequently Asked Questions
What prompted the US to re-engage with the Sahel region?
The return of Donald Trump to the presidency and a shift towards prioritizing trade diplomacy in Africa prompted the re-engagement.
What are the key areas of cooperation being discussed?
Economic and commercial cooperation, and the fight against terrorism are the primary areas of discussion.
What is the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)?
The AES is a confederation of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, advocating for sovereignist and anti-imperialist policies.
Explore further: Read more about the AES alliance on Al Jazeera.
