Mycologists Colin Domnauer and Bryn Dentinger from the University of Utah have determined that Lanmaoa asiatica mushrooms do not contain known hallucinogenic genes like psilocybin. Their study, published in Mycologia, suggests a novel, unidentified metabolite causes the “Lilliputian hallucinations” reported by consumers in Yunnan, China.
Why do Lanmaoa asiatica mushrooms cause hallucinations?
Researchers sequenced the genomes of 53 mushroom samples from the wider Lanmaoa genus to identify the source of reported psychedelic effects. They found no close matches to genes associated with psilocybin or ibotenic acid, two well-known mushroom hallucinogens. According to the researchers, this lack of genetic markers supports the hypothesis that a previously unidentified metabolite is responsible for the mushroom’s unique properties.
The study’s findings indicate that the chemical pathways causing these effects in the human brain are entirely different from those of known psychedelic fungi. By performing biosynthetic gene mining, the team ruled out the most common psychoactive compounds, leaving a novel compound as the primary suspect.
What are “Lilliputian hallucinations”?
When people consume undercooked L. asiatica, they often experience a specific psychological phenomenon known as Lilliputian hallucinations. This involves vivid visions of miniature people, a sensation reminiscent of the characters in Gulliver’s Travels.
These visual distortions aren’t the only side effects. Clinical and observational data reported by the researchers show that intoxication can also lead to:
- Auditory hallucinations
- Dizziness
- Physical sickness
The researchers noted that these physiological and psychological symptoms differ drastically from the experiences typically associated with psilocybin or ibotenic acid intoxication.
In the Yunnan region of southwestern China, Lanmaoa asiatica is known locally by the name jian shou qing.
How many new species were identified in the study?
The genomic sequencing provided more than just answers about hallucinogens; it clarified the biological identity of the genus. By identifying 1,515 corresponding genes across the selected specimens, the researchers were able to map the Lanmaoa family more accurately. This work led to the identification of two new species: Lanmaoa fallax and Lanmaoa carbonilivor.
There are now 17 recognized species within the Lanmaoa genus. The researchers explained that many species in this group share similar physical characteristics, which makes traditional classification difficult. The new genomic data allows for a more robust understanding of the evolutionary tree and may require some existing specimens to be reclassified.
Why is mushroom identification a food safety concern?
Because Lanmaoa species are popular, globally traded commercial products, accurate identification is a matter of public health. The researchers warned that the physical similarities between different species make the frequent misidentification of wild edible mushrooms with poisonous lookalikes a serious concern for medical practitioners.
Greater taxonomic understanding is necessary to protect consumers. As these mushrooms move through international supply chains, the ability to distinguish between safe species and those that cause illness or hallucinations remains a critical challenge for food safety officials.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Lanmaoa asiatica contain psilocybin?
No. Genomic sequencing conducted by University of Utah researchers found no close matches to genes used in the production of psilocybin.
What are the primary symptoms of L. asiatica poisoning?
The most common symptom is “Lilliputian hallucinations” (seeing tiny people), but users also report dizziness, auditory hallucinations, and physical sickness.
Where is this mushroom found?
Lanmaoa asiatica is found in markets in Yunnan, located in southwestern China.
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