NASA’s Perseverance rover has discovered a Martian gemstone identical to the minerals that form rubies and sapphires on Earth, according to a study published in Geophysical Research Letters. Researchers analyzing spectroscopic data from the Jezero Crater identified corundum—a crystalline form of aluminum oxide—containing chromium, which gives the mineral its characteristic red-to-pink coloration.
The unexpected find emerged while scientists examined rocks on the floor of the Jezero Crater. According to the study by Ollila and colleagues, the rover used its onboard laser to blast through a pale exterior crust on three plagioclase-rich rocks, revealing the gemstone hidden underneath.
Spectrographic Analysis Confirms Martian Corundum
Detailed spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of corundum and detected distinct luminescence peaks at specific wavelengths. According to the published findings, the SuperCam instrument’s Time-Resolved Luminescence (TRL) analysis detected clear traces of chromium-bearing corundum within the analyzed target rocks.
On Earth, corundum requires specific geochemical conditions to form. The mineral typically demands environments rich in aluminum and depleted in silicon, alongside high temperatures or tectonic activity. Scientists note that establishing the exact genesis of the Martian gemstone remains difficult because these precise conditions have long puzzled researchers studying the Red Planet’s geological history.
According to Ollila et al. in Geophysical Research Letters, TRL analysis conducted by SuperCam on three plagioclase-rich rocks on the crater surface showed clear traces of chromium-containing corundum.
Geological Mysteries in Jezero Crater
While Mars possessed abundant volcanic activity in its past, which could theoretically provide the necessary thermal conditions, researchers continue to investigate how such aluminum-rich, silicon-poor stones developed in this specific environment. The discovery marks the first time scientists have confirmed corundum on Mars.
Did you know? Corundum is a krystaliczna forma tlenku glinu. When trace amounts of chromium are present, it is responsible for the characteristic czerwono-różowy odcień rubinu.
Frequently Asked Questions
What instrument discovered the gemstone on Mars?
The discovery was made using the SuperCam instrument aboard NASA’s Perseverance rover, which used a laser to break open rock samples in the Jezero Crater.
What makes the discovered mineral red or pink?
According to the study in Geophysical Research Letters, spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of chromium inside the corundum, which is responsible for the characteristic red-to-pink coloration seen in rubies.
Where were the research findings published?
The findings detailing the analysis of the Martian rocks were published in the scientific journal Geophysical Research Letters.
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