Global Volcanic Unrest: A February 2026 Snapshot
Volcanic activity remains elevated across the globe, with notable events unfolding in Ecuador, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the United States. Recent reports indicate a complex interplay of ongoing eruptions, shifting alert levels, and persistent unrest, demanding continuous monitoring and assessment.
Ecuador and South America: Explosive Activity
Ecuadorian volcanoes Sangay and Reventador are exhibiting particularly vigorous behavior. Sangay generated approximately 228 explosions on February 6th, 2026, sending ash plumes up to 1.5 kilometers above the vent. Nearby, Reventador logged around 100 explosions, with ash reaching 1 kilometer and occasional ashfall reported. Peru’s Sabancaya volcano too showed activity, emitting low plumes to 400 meters and registering a dozen internal quakes.
Indonesia: A Hotspot of Volcanic Activity
Indonesia continues to be a focal point for volcanic activity. Ibu and Semeru volcanoes registered approximately 120 and 105 explosions respectively, with ash plumes reaching 800 meters. Lewotolok also produced around 125 explosions. Merapi experienced a hot rockfall traveling 1.5 kilometers, alongside nearly 90 additional rockfalls. A significant change in status occurred at Marapi, which transitioned from an “increased” classification to a continuing eruption. Several other Indonesian volcanoes, including Dukono, Kerinci, and those in the Sangihe and Sunda Arc regions, remain at elevated alert levels or exhibit ongoing unrest.
Philippines: Effusion and Declining Alerts
Mayon volcano (Alert Level 3) continues to effuse lava, accompanied by dome-collapse events, eight PDC-related signals, and approximately 335 rockfalls. Crater glow remains visible. Kanlaon (Alert Level 2) and Taal (Alert Level 1) are also restless. Positively, Bulusan’s alert level was lowered to 0 (quiet) following a decline in activity indicators.
United States: Alaska and Hawaii Under Watch
In the United States, Great Sitkin in Alaska maintains slow lava effusion in its summit crater. Kilauea in Hawaii remains paused, though brief vent glow was observed overnight. Unrest also persists at Shishaldin in the Aleutian Islands.
Shifting Alert Levels: A Dynamic Situation
The changes in alert levels at Bulusan and Marapi highlight the dynamic nature of volcanic activity. These adjustments are based on continuous monitoring of seismic activity, gas emissions, and visual observations. The shift from an “increased” classification to a “continuing eruption” for Marapi suggests a sustained level of activity, while the lowering of Bulusan’s alert level indicates a period of relative calm.
Understanding Volcanic Alert Levels
Volcanic alert levels are crucial for communicating the potential hazards associated with volcanic activity. These levels typically range from 0 (normal/quiet) to higher levels indicating increasing unrest and potential eruption. Each level triggers specific response actions, including increased monitoring, evacuation planning, and public advisories.
Pro Tip:
Stay informed about volcanic activity in your area by regularly checking official sources like the Smithsonian/USGS GVP Daily Volcanic Activity Report and local geological surveys.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does an “Alert Level 3” mean for Mayon volcano?
A: Alert Level 3 indicates that Mayon is exhibiting relatively high unrest with possible hazardous eruption.
Q: Why are so many Indonesian volcanoes active?
A: Indonesia lies within the “Ring of Fire,” a region with a high concentration of tectonic plate boundaries, making it prone to volcanic and seismic activity.
Q: What is PDC related signal?
A: PDC stands for Pyroclastic Density Current, which are hot, fast-moving currents of gas and volcanic debris.
Q: How can I stay safe during a volcanic eruption?
A: Follow the instructions of local authorities, evacuate if necessary, and protect yourself from ashfall by wearing a mask and covering exposed skin.
Did you understand?
Volcanic ash can disrupt air travel, damage infrastructure, and pose health risks. Monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity are essential for mitigating these hazards.
Explore more about volcanic activity and safety measures on the Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program website.
