Chikungunya Cases Surge in Santa Catarina: A Growing Public Health Concern
Santa Catarina is experiencing a significant increase in chikungunya cases, with a more than doubling of probable cases between January and February 2026 compared to the same period last year. The state recorded 43 probable cases from 78 notifications, a 290% increase from the 20 cases reported in the first 30 days of 2025. This surge is raising alarms and prompting increased preventative measures against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the disease’s primary vector.
Factors Fueling the Rise in Cases
According to João Augusto Fuck, director of the Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance (DIVE), the warmer temperatures combined with rainfall and standing water are creating ideal breeding conditions for the mosquito. He also highlighted other contributing factors, including population susceptibility – those without prior exposure to the virus – increased viral circulation, and higher mosquito infestation rates.
Currently, 5,702 mosquito breeding sites have been identified across 218 municipalities in Santa Catarina. A total of 185 of the state’s 295 municipalities are now considered infested with the vector responsible for chikungunya, dengue, and Zika.
Understanding Chikungunya: Symptoms and Severity
Chikungunya is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Symptoms typically include high fever (above 38.5°C), intense joint pain, muscle pain, headache, extreme fatigue, and skin rashes. The virus multiplies within the body, activating the immune system.
The most distinctive characteristic of the disease is severe joint pain, which can be debilitating. A significant proportion of those infected develop a chronic phase of the illness, experiencing joint pain for months after the initial infection. Symptoms generally appear between two and twelve days after an infected mosquito bite.
The disease can progress to severe cases with organ impairment, particularly in vulnerable groups like children and the elderly, and can even be fatal. In 2025, Santa Catarina recorded four deaths attributed to chikungunya.
Regional Hotspots and Recent Cases
Several cities within the state are experiencing a surge in cases. Xanxerê has reported seven cases of chikungunya, with two novel cases confirmed this week – one in a 17-year-old and another in a 51-year-old resident. One of the new cases is considered autochthonous, meaning the transmission occurred within the municipality.
Prevention is Key: Protecting Yourself and Your Community
The primary focus remains on prevention and eliminating mosquito breeding grounds. Residents are urged to follow these guidelines:
- Prevent rainwater from accumulating in containers like tires, bottle caps, cans, and cups.
- Avoid accumulating unnecessary waste materials in vacant lots and yards.
- Properly treat swimming pools with chlorine; if not in employ, empty them completely.
- Keep lakes and ponds clean or introduce fish that feed on larvae.
- Wash pet food and water bowls with soap and water at least once a week.
- Place sand in plant saucers and remove accumulated water from plant leaves twice a week.
- Keep trash cans covered, avoid accumulating garbage, and store tires in a dry, covered location.
Dengue and Zika: A Concurrent Threat
Alongside the rise in chikungunya, Santa Catarina is also facing an increase in dengue cases. Between January 4th and February 2nd, 2026, 2,097 probable cases of dengue were reported, a 121.4% increase compared to the same period in 2025 (947 cases). The circulating dengue serotypes in the state are DENV1 and DENV2. Three deaths are currently under investigation related to dengue.
Eleven Zika notifications were also recorded, with five discarded and six still under investigation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is the difference between chikungunya, dengue, and Zika?
A: All three are mosquito-borne illnesses with overlapping symptoms like fever and rash. However, chikungunya is particularly known for its severe joint pain, while dengue can cause more severe flu-like symptoms and bleeding, and Zika is often associated with birth defects.
Q: Is there a vaccine for chikungunya?
A: As of February 2026, there is currently no widely available vaccine for chikungunya, but research is ongoing.
Q: What should I do if I suspect I have chikungunya?
A: Seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and supportive care can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Q: How can I protect my family from mosquito bites?
A: Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, especially during peak mosquito activity hours, and ensure windows and doors have screens.
Stay informed about the latest updates and recommendations from the Santa Catarina State Health Department and local health authorities. Your vigilance and proactive measures are crucial in controlling the spread of these mosquito-borne diseases.
