GP Deserts: The Growing Crisis in Primary Care
England’s primary care system is facing a deepening crisis, with a significant shortage of GPs impacting patient access and safety. New analysis reveals that four-fifths of Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) would need to at least double their number of general practitioners to meet staffing standards considered safe for patients. This isn’t a future prediction. it’s the current reality for millions across the country.
The Numbers Paint a Stark Picture
Currently, there is one full-time equivalent (FTE) GP for every 2,220 patients nationally. Though, this average masks significant regional disparities. Areas like London, Bedfordshire, Luton, and Milton Keynes are particularly affected, with ratios exceeding 2,700 patients per GP. The British Medical Association (BMA) recommends a ratio of 1,000 patients per FTE GP to ensure manageable workloads and patient safety – a target that every ICB in England is currently missing.
A Paradox of Shortages
The situation is further complicated by a paradox: qualified GPs are reportedly unable to find function, while practices struggle to cope with growing patient lists. Despite an increase of 648 FTE GPs in England over the past six years, this growth hasn’t kept pace with a 6% rise in patient numbers. This means practices are becoming increasingly stretched, impacting the quality of care they can provide.
Disparities and Deprivation
The problem isn’t evenly distributed. Areas facing higher levels of deprivation often experience the most severe GP shortages and struggle to recruit and retain doctors. This creates a vicious cycle, where those who need healthcare the most are least likely to be able to access it promptly.
Government Response and Ongoing Concerns
The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) defends its record, highlighting the highest number of fully qualified GPs since 2015. They also point to efforts to recruit more GPs and expand training numbers. However, leaders in the medical community argue that these measures are insufficient. The Royal College of GPs emphasizes the need for a clear, robust 10-year workforce plan to address the chronic shortages.
The Competition for Training Places
Demand for GP specialty training posts is soaring. In 2025, there were almost five applicants for every available post – a more than threefold increase since 2019. While this demonstrates interest in the profession, it also highlights the challenges of expanding training capacity quickly enough to meet the growing need.
Increased Demand, Despite Workforce Pressures
Despite the workforce challenges, the number of GP appointments has actually increased. Between December 2018 and December 2025, monthly GP appointments rose by over 10 million, reaching a record high. This demonstrates the continued demand for primary care services, even as practices struggle to cope.
What Does the Future Hold?
The current trajectory suggests that the GP shortage will likely worsen without significant intervention. Expanding training places is crucial, but it’s a long-term solution. Addressing the underlying issues that contribute to GP burnout and difficulty in recruitment and retention – such as workload pressures and administrative burdens – is equally important.
Potential Solutions and Innovations
Several potential solutions are being explored, including:
- Increased investment in primary care: Shifting resources from hospital-centric care to community-based services.
- Streamlining administrative tasks: Reducing the burden on GPs, allowing them to focus on patient care.
- Expanding the role of other healthcare professionals: Utilizing physician associates, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists to support GPs.
- Targeted recruitment and retention schemes: Offering incentives to attract and retain GPs in underserved areas.
FAQ
Q: What is an ICB?
A: An Integrated Care Board is responsible for planning health services for its local population in England.
Q: What is the recommended GP-to-patient ratio?
A: The BMA recommends one FTE GP for every 1,000 patients.
Q: Is the government doing anything to address the shortage?
A: The government says it has increased the number of GPs and is expanding training places, but many believe more needs to be done.
Q: Why are some areas more affected than others?
A: Areas with higher levels of deprivation often have the highest patient-to-GP ratios and struggle to recruit and retain doctors.
Did you know? The competition for GP specialty training posts has more than tripled since 2019, indicating a growing interest in the profession but also highlighting the need for increased training capacity.
Pro Tip: If you are experiencing difficulty accessing GP services, contact your local ICB to learn about available resources and support.
Here’s a critical moment for primary care in England. Addressing the GP shortage requires a concerted effort from government, healthcare leaders, and the medical community. The health and well-being of millions depend on it.
