A fragment of an Iranian missile, intercepted by Israeli air defenses, landed in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights on March 19, 2026. This incident highlights a less visible consequence of modern warfare: a significant and accelerating impact on the global climate. Recent analysis reveals that the ongoing conflict between the US, Israel, and Iran is generating greenhouse gas emissions comparable to those of 84 countries combined.
The Carbon Footprint of Warfare
The tools of war – drones, fighter jets, and bombs – contribute to global warming through physical destruction and human suffering. According to Patrick Bigger, research director at the Climate and Community Institute, every missile strike represents another step towards a warmer, more unstable planet.
The destruction of buildings accounts for 2.4 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent during the first two weeks of the conflict, representing the most substantial climate impact. Fuel consumption by ships and fighter jets, alongside the destruction of oil infrastructure, further exacerbates the issue. Approximately 6,000 targets have been struck in Iran, although Iran has launched around 1,000 missiles and 2,000 drones, with air defenses utilizing roughly 1,900 missiles.
Emissions on Par with Entire Nations
Total emissions during the initial 14 days reached approximately five million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent – roughly half of the annual emissions from all passenger vehicles in Sweden. If this rate continues for a year, the emissions would equal those of a medium-sized, fossil fuel-dependent economy like Kuwait, or the combined emissions of the 84 countries with the lowest emissions worldwide.
Experts anticipate a rapid increase in emissions as the conflict progresses, particularly due to the alarming rate at which oil facilities are being targeted, as stated by Fred Otu-Larbi of the University of Energy and Natural Resources in Ghana.
Shrinking Carbon Budgets and Global Implications
The Global Carbon Project’s November 2025 analysis revealed continued high and increasing global emissions, reaching 38.1 gigatons of fossil emissions – a 1.1% increase from 2024. This increase was driven by all three fuel types: coal (+0.8%), oil (1%), and gas (1.3%). These emissions are rapidly depleting the remaining carbon budget aligned with the goals set in the 2015 Paris Agreement.
At current emission levels, the remaining budget for the 1.5-degree Celsius target will be exhausted in just four years. The budget for a 1.7-degree warming would last 12 years, and 25 years for a 2-degree warming.
The Golan Heights as a Focal Point
The Golan Heights, internationally recognized as Syrian territory occupied by Israel, has become a direct location impacted by this conflict. Reports from March 19, 2026, indicate that debris from intercepted missiles is landing within the region. The area’s strategic importance and ongoing tensions contribute to its vulnerability in escalating conflicts.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does warfare contribute to climate change?
Warfare releases greenhouse gases through the destruction of infrastructure, fuel consumption, and direct emissions from explosions.
Is the military’s carbon footprint accounted for in global emissions reports?
Often, no. Military emissions are frequently excluded from national inventories, leading to an underestimation of overall emissions.
What is a carbon budget?
A carbon budget represents the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that can be released into the atmosphere while still having a chance to limit global warming to a specific level.
Given the accelerating rate of emissions from this conflict, and the shrinking carbon budgets available to meet global climate goals, what role should international cooperation play in mitigating the environmental consequences of warfare?
