The Rising Tide of Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults: A Growing Concern
Colorectal cancer (CRC), once largely considered a disease of older adults, is now increasingly affecting individuals under 50. Recent data reveals a concerning trend: CRC has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in U.S. Adults younger than 50, a significant shift from 1990 when it ranked fifth.
Why the Increase? Unpacking the Contributing Factors
The rise in early-onset CRC isn’t a simple puzzle. Several factors are believed to be at play, with delayed screening emerging as a primary contributor. Many individuals aren’t being screened at the recommended age of 45, and those with a family history of cancer may be unaware they necessitate to begin screening even earlier. This delay leads to diagnoses at more advanced stages, impacting treatment outcomes.
Beyond screening delays, lifestyle factors are also implicated. A Western-style diet and a sedentary lifestyle are considered modifiable risk factors. However, the reasons behind this increase are complex and likely involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and changes in the gut microbiome.
Symptoms Often Overlooked: The Importance of Vigilance
Recognizing the symptoms of CRC is crucial, but often challenging. Common warning signs include rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. However, these symptoms are frequently dismissed as minor issues, particularly in younger individuals, leading to delayed evaluation and diagnosis.
“We need to be vigilant about risk factors,” emphasizes Jordan Karlitz, MD, senior medical officer of screening at Exact Sciences. “We need to take symptoms seriously and get workups done quickly.”
The Role of Screening and Early Detection
The shift in CRC incidence highlights the need for increased awareness and proactive screening. While the recommended screening age is currently 45, ongoing research may lead to further adjustments. New technologies, such as multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests, are also being explored for their potential to identify cancers at earlier stages.
A recent study found a 46% increase in new colorectal cancer diagnoses from ages 49 to 50, suggesting many cases are going undiagnosed until routine screenings begin. This underscores the potential benefit of earlier screening for at-risk individuals.
Adenocarcinomas: The Primary Driver of the Increase
Research indicates that adenocarcinomas, rather than carcinoids, are primarily responsible for the increases in early-onset colorectal cancer rates. This distinction is important for understanding the specific biological mechanisms driving the rise in the disease.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the recommended age to begin colorectal cancer screening?
A: Currently, the recommended age is 45, but individuals with a family history of CRC should discuss earlier screening with their doctor.
Q: What are the key symptoms of colorectal cancer?
A: Common symptoms include rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.
Q: Can lifestyle changes reduce my risk of colorectal cancer?
A: Yes, adopting a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity can help lower your risk.
Q: Are there new technologies for early detection of colorectal cancer?
A: Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests are being investigated as a potential tool for earlier diagnosis.
Reference: McCormick B. CRC becomes leading cause of cancer-related death in younger adults, highlighting prevention gaps. AJMC®. January 26, 2026. Accessed February 13, 2026. https://www.ajmc.com/view/crc-becomes-leading-cause-of-cancer-related-death-in-younger-adults-highlighting-prevention-gaps
What are your thoughts on the rising rates of colorectal cancer in younger adults? Share your experiences and questions in the comments below!
