Feta’s Future on the Rocks: Sheep & Goat Disease Threatens Global Supply
A looming crisis is brewing in the world of feta cheese. A widespread outbreak of sheep and goat pox is decimating livestock in Greece, the heartland of this beloved dairy product. The situation isn’t just a local concern; it’s poised to disrupt global supply chains and potentially drive up prices for consumers worldwide.
The Scale of the Problem: A 5% National Loss
Since the first reported cases in 2024, the epidemic has escalated rapidly. Greek authorities, following strict protocol, are culling entire herds where the disease is detected. This has led to the elimination of approximately 5% of the nation’s total livestock – around half a million sheep and goats. The immediate consequence? A significant reduction in the availability of milk, the essential ingredient for feta production.
Economic Ripple Effects: Billions at Risk
The impact extends far beyond the farm. According to Assolatte, the Italian dairy association, approximately 700-750 thousand tons of sheep milk and 160-180 thousand tons of goat milk are at risk. This supports an annual cheese production of 200-230 thousand tons, fueling a nearly €1 billion (approximately $1.08 billion USD) export market. Feta dominates this export, accounting for a staggering 80% – roughly €786 million (approximately $848 million USD) in value. Importantly, Italian imports of feta surged by 40% between January and October 2025, demonstrating growing demand.
Price Hikes and the Threat of Fraud
Experts predict a double whammy for consumers: increased retail and wholesale prices. Atlante, a leading importer of Greek products, reports that uncertainty surrounding milk volumes is already triggering a scramble for supply. “We’re not seeing disruptions to imports *yet*, but the fear of shortages is driving up prices,” explains Giovanna Chiarini, Atlante’s Italian Commercial Director.
However, the risk isn’t solely economic. The potential for fraudulent activity is also rising. Importers are concerned that producers might attempt to substitute authentic sheep or goat milk with cheaper alternatives, such as milk from other European Union countries, or even cow’s milk. Maintaining the integrity of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status of feta is paramount.
A Political Battleground: Farmers vs. Government
The crisis has ignited a fierce dispute in Greece between farmers and the government. Farmers are accusing authorities of slow and inadequate responses to the outbreak. They also criticize the poor hygiene standards allegedly prevalent in some agricultural operations. One farmer from the Macedonia region, speaking to Swiss radio, expressed desperation, stating, “We are desperate, we feel we have no future, we have lost all our animals.”
A central point of contention is the issue of vaccination. Farmers and the governor of Thessaly, a region with a high concentration of livestock, are urgently calling for vaccines to contain the virus. However, the government has categorically rejected this approach.
Beyond Greece: Global Implications and Alternatives
While Greece is the primary producer of PDO feta, other countries are beginning to explore opportunities. Bulgaria and Cyprus, for example, produce feta-style cheeses, though they lack the PDO designation. These alternatives may see increased demand as Greek supply dwindles. However, replicating the unique flavor profile of authentic Greek feta, influenced by the local terroir and traditional production methods, remains a challenge.
The situation also highlights the vulnerability of global food supply chains to animal diseases. Investing in preventative measures, such as improved biosecurity protocols and rapid response systems, is crucial to mitigate future risks. Diversifying sourcing and exploring alternative dairy sources could also enhance resilience.
FAQ: Feta Crisis – Your Questions Answered
- Will the price of feta increase? Yes, experts anticipate price increases at both the retail and wholesale levels due to reduced supply.
- Is all feta cheese affected? Primarily, PDO feta from Greece is at risk. Feta-style cheeses from other countries may become more prevalent.
- What is PDO? PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) is a European Union designation that guarantees a product is produced in a specific region using traditional methods.
- How can I be sure I’m buying authentic feta? Look for the PDO seal on the packaging and check the ingredient list.
- Are there any alternatives to feta? Halloumi, a semi-hard cheese from Cyprus, and Bulgarian sirene are potential substitutes, though they have different flavor profiles.
Did you know? Feta cheese has been produced in Greece for over 4,000 years, with evidence dating back to ancient Minoan civilization.
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