The Forgotten Heroes of the JAG Corps: A Legacy of Valor
The Army Judge Advocate General’s (JAG) Corps boasts a rich history of service and sacrifice, often overshadowed by the more visible roles of combat arms. While figures like Colonel Blanton Winship and Major J. Leslie Kincaid, who commanded infantry units while serving as legal advisors during World War I, are recognized for their Distinguished Service Crosses, the story of heroism within the JAG Corps runs deeper. Recent research highlights a forgotten chapter: the Medal of Honor recipients who served as legal professionals during times of war.
Beyond Blodgett: Uncovering Henry H. Bingham’s Story
For years, Wells Blodgett was acknowledged as the sole Medal of Honor recipient within the JAG Corps, awarded for his actions as an infantry officer in 1862 before transitioning to a legal role. However, a closer examination of historical records reveals another deserving figure: Henry H. Bingham. Bingham’s story, largely absent from mainstream narratives, underscores the often-unrecognized contributions of legal professionals in wartime.
From College Campus to the Battlefield
Born in 1841, Bingham’s path to military service began at Jefferson College in Pennsylvania. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he played a pivotal role in organizing Company G, 140th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment, comprised largely of students and faculty. Elected as its first lieutenant, he quickly rose to captain and commander. This demonstrates the critical role civilians played in rapidly expanding the Union Army.
A Legal Mind Amidst the Chaos of War
The 140th Pennsylvania joined the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac in December 1862, and Bingham soon found himself detailed as a judge advocate on the staff of Major General Winfield Scott Hancock. Though lacking a formal law degree, his legal aptitude proved invaluable. He balanced his duties as a legal officer with the demands of a wartime staff position, delivering messages, coordinating ammunition, and maintaining communication during intense combat.
Gettysburg and the Masonic Connection
Bingham’s name is inextricably linked to the Battle of Gettysburg, a pivotal moment in the Civil War. During Pickett’s Charge, he encountered Confederate Brigadier General Lewis A. Armistead after Armistead was wounded. This encounter, often romanticized in popular culture, highlights a shared connection through Freemasonry. The “Friend-to-Friend Masonic Memorial” at Gettysburg commemorates this meeting, though its historical accuracy has been debated.
Bravery Under Fire: The Wilderness and Beyond
Bingham’s courage wasn’t limited to Gettysburg. He continued to serve with distinction throughout the Overland campaign, rallying troops at the Battle of the Wilderness in May 1864. Despite being wounded in the thigh at Spotsylvania Courthouse, he remained dedicated to his duties, even escaping capture while carrying dispatches. His actions earned him recognition from Hancock and other commanders.
The Delayed Recognition and the Medal of Honor
Despite his consistent bravery, Bingham didn’t receive the Medal of Honor until 1893, decades after the events that warranted the award. This delay was typical of many Civil War Medal of Honor awards, as the criteria and nomination processes evolved over time. His nomination came from a fellow II Corps staff officer, Richard N. Batchelder, who emphasized Bingham’s “courage, energy, and intelligence.”
A Legacy Reconsidered
While Bingham’s award survived a later review process that stripped medals from over 900 recipients, his story serves as a reminder of the complexities of historical recognition. His case raises questions about the criteria for valor and the influence of personal connections. Bingham’s service exemplifies the dedication and sacrifice of JAG Corps members throughout history.
FAQ
Q: Was Henry H. Bingham a fully qualified lawyer?
A: No, Bingham did not have a formal law degree, but he had begun studying law and possessed sufficient legal knowledge for his duties.
Q: Why did it take so long for Bingham to receive the Medal of Honor?
A: The Medal of Honor nomination process was less formalized in the late 19th century, and many awards were granted decades after the events they recognized.
Q: What role did Freemasonry play in the Bingham-Armistead encounter?
A: The shared Masonic affiliation of Bingham and Armistead has been highlighted in popular accounts, but the extent of its influence on their interaction remains a subject of debate.
Q: Is there a definitive list of JAG Corps Medal of Honor recipients?
A: Determining a complete list is challenging due to the complexities of historical records and the varying roles individuals held throughout their careers.
Pro Tip: Explore the resources of The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School for more in-depth research on the history of the JAG Corps.
Did you know? The Army and Navy initiated a review of all Medal of Honor awards in 1916, resulting in the revocation of over 900 awards.
Desire to learn more about the unsung heroes of the legal profession in the military? Explore other articles on our site dedicated to the history of the JAG Corps and the contributions of legal professionals in times of conflict. Share your thoughts and insights in the comments below!
