The Rise of Humanoid Robots: Beyond the Hype?
The world is witnessing a surge in humanoid robot development, with companies primarily based in China leading the charge. Still, a growing robotics scene is as well emerging in locations like Zurich, Switzerland, where firms like Hexagon Robotics are pursuing ambitious plans. But is this a revolution in the making, or a bubble waiting to burst?
A New Generation of Industrial Robots
For decades, industrial robots have been a mainstay in manufacturing, initially performing repetitive tasks like welding and parts assembly. These early robots were static and often caged for worker safety. The 1990s saw the rise of mobile robots, assisting factory workers with material handling and logistics. Now, a new wave is emerging – humanoid robots designed to mimic human form and function.
Hexagon Robotics, with a young workforce (most employees under 30), is at the forefront of this trend. Their ‘AEON’ model is designed for complex industrial tasks, including manipulation, asset inspection, and even reality capture. The company has already secured clients like BMW, Schaeffler, and Pilatus, demonstrating early market traction.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence
The key to this new generation is artificial intelligence (AI). AI allows these robots to navigate autonomously, recognize objects, and react flexibly to their environment. Even as still largely confined to labs and pilot projects, AI-powered robots are beginning to appear in factories and warehouses, performing simple tasks independently. Recent demonstrations, like dancing robots showcased in China’s New Year’s Gala, have captured global attention.
China’s Dominance and Government Support
China is heavily invested in becoming a leader in humanoid robotics. The government provides substantial support to domestic companies through research funding, tax incentives, and direct financial assistance. Currently, approximately 85% of the 15,000 humanoid robots installed worldwide in 2025 are located in China, with many buyers being state-run entities using them for entertainment purposes.
Market Projections and Skepticism
Despite the hype, market analysts are cautious. While current market size is estimated at $2-3 billion, projections vary widely. Barclays estimates a potential $200 billion market by 2035, while Morgan Stanley predicts a staggering $7.5 trillion by 2050. However, Gartner warns of a “hype cycle,” suggesting that few humanoid robots will move beyond pilot projects in the near term due to technological immaturity.
Hexagon Robotics: A Western Challenger
Hexagon Robotics stands out as one of the few Western companies actively developing and manufacturing humanoid robots. The company, owned by a Swedish conglomerate with roots in precision measurement (originally Leica Geosystems), aims to prove the viability of its ‘Aeon’ model in real-world factory settings, with production planned for 2027.
A key consideration for many companies, particularly in Europe and the US, is security. Concerns about industrial espionage are leading some to prefer robots manufactured outside of China, given the sensitive data collected by robots equipped with cameras and sensors.
ABB’s Shift and the Future of Robotics
Even established players like ABB, a pioneer in industrial robotics since 1974, are adapting to the changing landscape. ABB recently announced the sale of its robotics division to SoftBank for $5.4 billion. Despite the sale, ABB intends to maintain its headquarters in Zurich and continue innovating in the field, including developing robots capable of voice-activated commands.
Current Challenges and a Cautious Outlook
The industrial robot market, is currently experiencing stagnation, with around 500,000 units sold annually since 2021. Overcapacity in industries like automotive and electronics is contributing to this slowdown. Experts caution against overestimating the speed of technological progress, noting that many impressive robot demonstrations are far from reliable in real-world applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Are humanoid robots ready for widespread industrial use?
A: Not yet. While progress is rapid, many challenges remain in terms of reliability, cost, and adaptability.
Q: Which country is leading the development of humanoid robots?
A: China is currently the dominant force, with significant government support and a large number of manufacturers.
Q: What are the main concerns surrounding the use of humanoid robots?
A: Concerns include industrial espionage, technological limitations, and the potential for job displacement.
Q: What is Hexagon Robotics’ role in the humanoid robot market?
A: Hexagon Robotics is a Swiss-based company developing and manufacturing humanoid robots, aiming to provide a Western alternative to Chinese manufacturers.
Did you know? The first electric industrial robot was developed in Sweden in 1974.
Pro Tip: When evaluating humanoid robot solutions, focus on specific use cases and consider the total cost of ownership, including maintenance and integration.
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