France and India: A Strategic Partnership Forged in a Multipolar World
The relationship between France and India is poised for significant expansion, driven by shared geopolitical concerns and a commitment to a multipolar world order. President Emmanuel Macron’s upcoming visit to India, his fourth since 2018, underscores the importance France places on its strategic partnership with New Delhi. This partnership, initiated in 1998, was France’s first strategic partnership with any nation, a testament to the unique level of trust and mutual respect between the two countries.
Navigating Geopolitical Tensions
Both nations face complex geopolitical landscapes. France is navigating the war in Ukraine and strained relations with the United States regarding trade policies. India, meanwhile, deals with ongoing disputes with Pakistan and China, as well as navigating a complex relationship with the US under different administrations. This convergence of challenges is strengthening the bond between Paris and New Delhi, as they seek reliable partners in an increasingly uncertain world.
Horizon 2047: A Roadmap for the Future
The upcoming visit will focus on bolstering the strategic partnership, particularly through the “Horizon 2047” roadmap. This long-term vision outlines a path for the next 25 years, coinciding with the centennial of India’s independence and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. A key element of this roadmap is the focus on innovation, with 2026 designated as the “Year of Innovation” for Indo-French collaboration.
Boosting Economic Ties
While economic ties are growing, there’s significant potential for further expansion. Bilateral trade has risen from €7.65 billion in 2020-2021 to approximately €12.75 billion in 2024-2025. France is becoming a major source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for India, with over 1,000 French establishments already operating within the country. The recent EU-India free trade agreement is expected to further stimulate economic activity. More than 150 Indian companies also operate in France, employing over 7,000 people.
Defense Cooperation: A Cornerstone of the Partnership
Defense cooperation remains a crucial pillar of the relationship. France is the second-largest arms supplier to India, accounting for 33% of India’s arms imports. A significant recent development is the Indian Defense Acquisition Council’s approval of the purchase of 114 Rafale fighter jets from Dassault Aviation, representing one of India’s largest defense contracts to date. The Indo-French defense industrial roadmap is fostering innovation and collaboration within both countries’ defense ecosystems.
The Indo-Pacific and Beyond
Cooperation extends to the Indo-Pacific region, where the partnership in the Indian Ocean is a key component of their bilateral relations. Both countries share a “strategic vision for cooperation in the Indian Ocean region,” established in 2018. Discussions will also address the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), aiming to enhance connectivity and sustainable growth.
A Shared Commitment to Multilateralism
France and India are actively engaged on the international stage, both members of the G20, and cooperating on numerous fronts. France will host the G7 summit, while India will host the BRICS summit this year. This shared commitment to multilateralism and a rules-based international order is a defining characteristic of their partnership. Both nations are also dedicated to addressing global challenges like terrorism, climate change, and sustainable development.
Expanding the Scope of Cooperation
Looking ahead, both countries aim to broaden their collaboration beyond defense, strategic affairs, and civil nuclear energy. Areas of focus include technology, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, education, service trade, climate action, and tourism. Promoting their respective startup ecosystems and fostering networking opportunities for entrepreneurs will be crucial for driving innovation and economic growth.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the “Horizon 2047” roadmap?
A: It’s a long-term vision outlining the path for Indo-French relations over the next 25 years, aligning with the centennial of India’s independence.
Q: What is the current state of trade between France and India?
A: Bilateral trade has increased to approximately €12.75 billion in 2024-2025, with potential for further growth through the EU-India free trade agreement.
Q: What role does France play in India’s defense sector?
A: France is the second-largest arms supplier to India, and a recent agreement for the purchase of 114 Rafale fighter jets demonstrates the continued strength of this partnership.
Q: What is the significance of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)?
A: IMEC aims to foster connectivity, sustainable growth, and access to clean energy in the region, and France’s strategic location in the Mediterranean is considered essential to its success.
Did you know? France was the first country with which India established a strategic partnership, back in 1998.
Pro Tip: Keep an eye on developments related to the EU-India free trade agreement, as it’s likely to significantly impact bilateral economic relations.
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