Iran Fortifies Nuclear Site Amidst Rising Tensions and Stalled Talks
Recent satellite imagery analysis reveals Iran is bolstering a subterranean complex near one of its nuclear facilities. This activity unfolds against a backdrop of escalating tensions, coupled with ongoing – yet precarious – discussions between Iranian and American officials. The United States, under President Trump, has not ruled out military action should Iran fail to reach a new agreement regarding its nuclear program.
Underground Complex at Kolang Gaz
The images, initially analyzed by the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), a US-based research center, show reinforcement of tunnel entrances at Kolang Gaz mountain, also known as Mount Alborz. Experts suggest this facility may be designed to protect Iranian uranium enrichment activities or key equipment. However, the precise purpose – and whether it is operational – remains unclear.
A History of Concerns and Military Action
Iran maintains its nuclear program is entirely peaceful and denies seeking to develop nuclear weapons. However, President Trump stated in June 2025 that Iran was just one month away from possessing a nuclear weapon, prompting an order for strikes on three underground nuclear sites. These strikes occurred during a 12-day conflict between Israel and Iran.
While Trump claimed the strikes “eliminated” Iran’s enrichment capability, officials anticipated a new site would be established. Kolang Gaz was not targeted during the June 2025 airstrikes, though the nearby Natanz nuclear facility was.
Recent Construction Activity
Satellite imagery from February 10th shows what appears to be newly poured concrete over one of the entrances to Kolang Gaz. Analysts from ISIS and British information analysis firm Mayer have confirmed the presence of a concrete pumping arm at the site. At another tunnel entrance, rock and soil have been pushed back and leveled, with new concrete-reinforced structures also appearing nearby.
These changes are believed to enhance the tunnel entrances and provide additional protection against potential aerial attacks. The continued presence of heavy machinery and building materials suggests the facility is not yet operational.
Broader Defensive Measures
Construction and defensive enhancements are also underway at the nearby Natanz nuclear site and the Isfahan Nuclear Complex, located 125 kilometers north. At Isfahan, tunnel entrances appear to be covered with earth, a tactic that ISIS suggests would “mitigate” the impact of an air strike and potentially defend against a ground assault aimed at seizing or destroying any highly enriched uranium inside.
A new roof is also being constructed at the Isfahan site, which was targeted in an Israeli attack last year and is believed to be used for centrifuge manufacturing. Similar construction is occurring above ground at Natanz, including a roof over a damaged anti-drone cage at the uranium enrichment facility, built between December 2025 and January 2026.
Expert Perspectives
Professor Sina Azodi, director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, notes that Iran is “operating under the assumption that attacks will occur, and that it needs to protect the facilities as much as possible.” He adds, “The Iranian nuclear program was not destroyed. Once you have the knowledge and capability and technology to rebuild the program, everything can be rebuilt.”
Diplomatic Efforts Continue
Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), believes a new nuclear agreement between Iran and the United States is possible and essential. Speaking at the Munich Security Conference, he stated, “I perceive, through my conversations with all the parties involved, that we have an opportunity, but opportunities often close suddenly and quickly, so I feel we need to seize this moment.”
Grossi indicated Iran still possesses approximately 400 kilograms of highly enriched uranium – a short technical step from weapons-grade material – stored in underground tunnels and rooms that were targeted by US bunker-busting bombs in the 2025 attack.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the significance of the Kolang Gaz facility? It is a suspected underground complex that could be used to protect Iran’s nuclear program from attack.
- Has Iran been attacked before? Yes, in June 2025, the US conducted strikes on three Iranian nuclear sites.
- What is the IAEA’s role in this situation? The IAEA is the international body responsible for monitoring nuclear activity and ensuring compliance with international agreements.
- Is a new nuclear agreement likely? The IAEA Director General believes a new agreement is possible, but emphasizes the need for swift action.
Pro Tip: Stay informed about geopolitical developments by following reputable news sources and analysis from organizations like the IAEA and ISIS.
Did you know? Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons, maintaining its program is for peaceful purposes.
Seek to learn more about international security and nuclear proliferation? Explore our other articles on the topic.
