Latvia Fortifies Border Security Amidst Rising Hybrid Threats and Illegal Crossings
Latvia is bolstering its border security measures in response to a surge in illegal crossings and the emergence of novel smuggling tactics, including the use of meteorological balloons. In 2025, Latvian border guards prevented 12,000 illegal border crossings, a figure that underscores the ongoing challenges faced by the nation.
The Evolving Landscape of Border Security
Traditionally, the “green border” has been a focal point for illegal activity. However, recent trends indicate a shift towards more sophisticated methods employed by smugglers. Last year saw a notable increase in the use of meteorological balloons for contraband transport – 12 instances were recorded, compared to six cases of river-based smuggling and one involving a drone. This highlights the demand for adaptability and investment in advanced surveillance technologies.
General Guntis Pujāts, Chief of the State Border Guard, emphasized the necessity of maintaining vigilance. He stated that while the winter months offer some respite due to natural obstacles, a sustained high level of alert is crucial. “We cannot afford to relax, even with a possible reduction in pressure during the winter,” Pujāts noted.
Addressing Hybrid Threats from Neighboring Countries
Latvian authorities are bracing for potential “hybrid threats” originating from Russia and Belarus. These threats could manifest in various forms, requiring a multi-faceted response. While investigations into smuggling cases fall under the purview of the State Police, the border guard plays a vital role in detection and prevention.
The situation mirrors challenges faced by neighboring Poland, where fluctuations in illegal crossing attempts are common. Pujāts pointed out that periods of inactivity can be followed by sudden surges, necessitating a flexible and well-resourced border security apparatus.
Infrastructure Development and Technological Integration
Significant investment is being directed towards improving border infrastructure. Ongoing projects include the construction of patrol roads along the Russian border, along the Daugava River, and around lakes. These improvements will enhance the mobility and responsiveness of border guard units.
Latvia is embracing technological advancements, including the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze border security data. This “smart border” approach aims to proactively identify and mitigate potential threats. Interior Minister Rihards Kozlovskis highlighted the importance of collaboration with other agencies, including the National Armed Forces (NBS), to strengthen overall border security capacity.
Modernizing the State Border Guard
The State Border Guard is undergoing a modernization process, including a change in uniform to align with the National Armed Forces. Over half of the 2,200 border guard personnel have already received the new uniforms, with full implementation expected this year. The new uniforms are reported to be more comfortable and practical for operational duties, particularly for those serving on the “green border,” and for new cadets.
FAQ
What is Latvia doing to address the use of meteorological balloons for smuggling? Latvia is increasing surveillance and investing in technologies to detect and intercept these unconventional smuggling methods. Investigations into related criminal activity are led by the State Police.
What is the current situation regarding illegal border crossings? In 2025, Latvian border guards prevented 12,000 illegal border crossings. While winter conditions offer some temporary relief, vigilance remains high.
What is a “hybrid threat” in the context of border security? Hybrid threats refer to unconventional tactics employed by state or non-state actors to destabilize a country, often combining military and non-military means, such as disinformation campaigns or the exploitation of vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure.
Is Latvia cooperating with other countries to address border security challenges? Yes, Latvia is actively collaborating with Poland, Lithuania, and other international partners to share information and coordinate efforts to combat illegal migration and cross-border crime.
What is the role of AI in Latvia’s border security strategy? AI is being integrated to analyze border security data, identify patterns, and proactively mitigate potential threats, contributing to a “smart border” approach.
What is the status of the border infrastructure development? Construction of patrol roads along the Russian border, the Daugava River, and around lakes is ongoing, aiming to improve the mobility and responsiveness of border guard units.
What is the timeline for the uniform change for the State Border Guard? The transition to the new uniforms, aligning with the National Armed Forces, is expected to be completed this year.
Learn more about Latvia’s border security initiatives by visiting the State Border Guard website.
