Babies may begin to demonstrate deceptive behavior much earlier than previously thought, with some showing signs before their first birthday, according to new research.
Early Signs of Deception
A study involving interviews with 750 parents revealed that approximately a quarter of children were exhibiting rudimentary forms of deceit by 10 months of age. These early behaviors included pretending not to hear parents, concealing toys, and consuming forbidden foods out of sight.
By age three, children were described as more skilled, inventive, and frequent fabricators, according to parental reports. Elena Hoicka, a professor of education at the University of Bristol and lead author of the research, described the findings as “fascinating” in uncovering how deception develops in young children.
Drawing on Animal Behavior
The research builds on observations of deceptive behaviors in the animal kingdom. Researchers noted that chimpanzees hide food from dominant group members, and birds have been observed using false alarm calls to steal food.
Hoicka explained that previous research often viewed deception as a complex skill requiring advanced language and understanding of others’ minds. This study suggests that the roots of deception are simpler, potentially beginning as a way to “get away with things or get extra treats.”
The study found that half of children identified as deceivers had engaged in a sneaky behavior within the past day. From age two, deception often manifests as action-based behaviors, like ignoring instructions or hiding objects.
By three years old, children begin to demonstrate a more sophisticated understanding of deception, utilizing exaggeration, understatement, or outright fabrication – such as blaming a “ghost” for eating chocolate. They also begin to withhold information, selectively sharing details of events.
Professor Jennifer Saul, a co-author of the research and an expert in the philosophy of deception at the University of Waterloo, Canada, noted that the study expands the understanding of deception beyond adult interactions.
Frequently Asked Questions
At what age did parents first report recognizing deceptive behavior in their children?
Some parents reported recognizing the first signs of deceptive behavior as early as eight months of age.
What types of deception were observed in children aged two years?
Deception at two years old tended to be action-based, such as pretending not to hear a parent or hiding objects. It also included simple denials, like shaking one’s head when asked about eating a forbidden treat.
Is deception a cause for concern in toddler development?
According to the study, deception is a normal part of toddler development and can help parents and educators anticipate and understand a child’s behavior.
Will further research explore the long-term implications of early deceptive behaviors? future studies will investigate how these early patterns of deception relate to social and emotional development over time.
