Measles Resurgence in Europe: A Persistent Threat Despite Progress
Measles, once considered a largely controlled disease, continues to pose a significant public health challenge across Europe. While cases decreased in 2025 compared to the previous year, experts warn that the risk of outbreaks remains substantial. The situation highlights the critical importance of sustained vaccination efforts and combating misinformation.
2024: A Peak in Cases Not Seen in Decades
In 2024, Europe recorded 127,350 measles cases – the highest number since 1997. This alarming figure underscores a worrying trend of declining immunity and the potential for widespread transmission. Despite a drop in cases in 2025, the number of infections was still double that of 2023, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).
The Role of Vaccination Hesitancy
A key driver of the measles resurgence is vaccine hesitancy. A concerning pattern emerged: in 2025, 8 out of 10 individuals who contracted measles were unvaccinated, mirroring the trend observed in 2024. This demonstrates a direct correlation between lack of immunization and infection rates.
Sabrina Bacci, from the ECDC, emphasized that Europe possesses the tools to eliminate measles, including a highly effective and safe vaccine, robust surveillance systems, and the necessary resources. But, achieving elimination requires maintaining a vaccination coverage rate of at least 95% of the eligible population with two doses.
Beyond Individual Protection: A Matter of Solidarity
Vaccination isn’t solely about self-protection; it’s an act of solidarity. Measles is highly contagious – for every infected person, up to 18 unvaccinated individuals are at risk of contracting the disease, making it 12 times more infectious than influenza. Vaccinating protects those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons or age.
Complications and Long-Term Health Impacts
Measles can lead to severe and lasting health complications, including damage to the immune system. This “immune amnesia” can leave individuals vulnerable to other infections and even increase mortality risk, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Loss of Elimination Status for Several Countries
The resurgence has led to several European countries losing their measles-free status. In early 2025, six nations – Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan – were stripped of this designation after experiencing sustained transmission of the virus for over a year.
Combating Misinformation and Restoring Trust
Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires a multi-faceted approach, including actively combating misinformation and promoting accurate information from trusted sources. Hans Kluge, the WHO Regional Director for Europe, urged the public to rely solely on verified health information in the face of widespread false news.
Regina De Dominicis, UNICEF Regional Director for Europe and Asia Central, stressed that the conditions that led to the measles resurgence in recent years persist and must be addressed. This includes tackling hesitancy and the spread of disinformation to protect children from preventable illness and death.
The Global Context: A Wider Trend
The measles resurgence isn’t limited to Europe. Globally, cases have been increasing in recent years, reversing previous progress in disease control. This underscores the need for coordinated international efforts to strengthen vaccination programs and address the underlying factors driving outbreaks.
FAQ: Measles and Vaccination
Q: What are the symptoms of measles?
A: Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red, watery eyes, and a rash that spreads over the body.
Q: Is there a cure for measles?
A: No, there is no specific cure for measles. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Q: How effective is the measles vaccine?
A: The measles vaccine is highly effective. Two doses provide approximately 97% protection.
Q: Can vaccinated individuals still get measles?
A: While rare, vaccinated individuals can sometimes contract measles, but the illness is typically milder.
Q: Where can I uncover reliable information about measles and vaccination?
A: Consult the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/measles).
Pro Tip: Ensure your family’s vaccination records are up-to-date and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns about measles or vaccination.
Did you recognize? Measles can suppress the immune system for months after infection, increasing susceptibility to other diseases.
Stay informed, prioritize vaccination, and support protect yourself and your community from the threat of measles. Share this information with your friends and family to promote awareness and encourage vaccination.
