Pneumonia Hospitalizations Surge: What’s Driving the Increase and What to Expect
Canada experienced a significant rise in pneumonia hospitalizations last year, with numbers exceeding pre-pandemic levels across all age groups. New data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) reveals a 34% increase in adult cases (18-64) and a 22% rise among seniors (65+). But, the most dramatic increase was seen in children and youth, with hospitalizations more than doubling.
The Impact on Young Canadians
Hospitalizations for children and youth aged five to 17 soared by 143% between April 1, 2024, and March 31, 2025, jumping from 2,698 patients to 6,547. Experts suggest this surge is linked to a combination of factors, including a particularly severe flu season and a spike in “walking pneumonia” cases.
“Walking pneumonia,” caused by the bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae, typically presents with milder symptoms like cough, fever, and fatigue. Although severe cases remain relatively uncommon, the sheer volume of infections led to more hospitalizations than usual.
Flu and Pneumonia: A Dangerous Duo
Dr. Jesse Papenburg, an infectious disease specialist at Montreal Children’s Hospital, explains that viral pneumonia can develop as a serious complication of the flu. Influenza infection can weaken the respiratory tract, making individuals more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia.
He describes a common scenario: “It’s not uncommon for somebody to say, well, they had this influenza-like illness. They were starting to get better, they were feeling better and then all of a sudden they got much worse and presented with what is a classic case of bacterial pneumonia.”
Beyond Flu: Emerging Bacterial Strains
The rise in pneumonia cases may also be attributed to the circulation of different strains of bacteria that the population hasn’t developed immunity to, particularly following the reduced exposure to respiratory illnesses during the pandemic. Dr. Lynora Saxinger, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Alberta, suggests this could be a contributing factor.
Protecting Against Pneumonia: Vaccination is Key
Experts emphasize the importance of vaccination as a preventative measure. A vaccine for common bacteria causing severe pneumonia is already included in the routine childhood immunization schedule. Ensuring children are up-to-date on their vaccinations remains a crucial step in protecting them from severe illness.
Future Trends and What to Watch For
While it’s too early to determine if pneumonia hospitalizations will continue to rise this year, ongoing monitoring is essential. Public health officials will be closely watching for new strains of bacteria and viruses, as well as assessing the effectiveness of current vaccination programs.
The CIHI data highlights the vulnerability of children and youth, suggesting a need for targeted public health initiatives to promote vaccination and awareness of pneumonia symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
Is pneumonia contagious? Some types of pneumonia are contagious, particularly those caused by viruses or bacteria that spread through respiratory droplets.
What are the symptoms of walking pneumonia? Symptoms are typically milder than other types of pneumonia and include cough, fever, fatigue, and sore throat.
Can pneumonia be prevented? Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal disease can help prevent pneumonia. Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, is also important.
When should I see a doctor for pneumonia? If you experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, persistent fever, or a cough that produces thick, discolored mucus, seek medical attention immediately.
Aim for to learn more about respiratory health? Explore our other articles on preventing seasonal illnesses.
