Escalating conflict in Jonglei State, South Sudan, has displaced an estimated 280,000 people since late December 2025, creating a dire humanitarian crisis. The violence, involving clashes between the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF) and the South Sudan People’s Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-iO), is severely impacting civilians and hindering access to essential services.
Worsening Conditions in Jonglei
Humanitarian partners are reporting dozens of conflict-related casualties, with patients receiving treatment at Akobo Hospital. Although, their condition is described as precarious due to limited access to emergency referrals and critical care. The Security Council has expressed grave concern over the escalating violence, calling for de-escalation and peaceful dialogue.
The situation is particularly alarming for children, with UNICEF warning of grave protection risks including killing, maiming, recruitment into armed groups, family separation, gender-based violence, and severe psychological distress. Disturbing reports from February 8th detail the detention and sexual violence against seven women near Walgak Town, Akobo County, resulting in one fatality.
Health System Under Strain
The conflict has taken a heavy toll on healthcare infrastructure. Twelve health facilities have been looted or partially destroyed – four each in Uror and Nyirol counties, three in Ayod, and one in Duk. This disruption severely limits access to care for vulnerable populations. A cholera outbreak, which began in September 2024, is also compounding the crisis, with 98,195 cumulative cases and 1,619 deaths reported as of February 12th.
Organizations like MSF have established a 30-bed Cholera Treatment Centre in Poktap, Duk County, and the ICRC is providing surgical care to wounded patients in Panyijiar County and remotely supporting Akobo hospital. However, humanitarian access remains a significant challenge, with 16 vehicles commandeered by the SPLA-iO group from organizations including Save the Children, Oxfam, and MSF.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the current displacement situation in Jonglei State?
According to the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission, more than 280,000 people are displaced across eight counties in Jonglei State, with the highest numbers reported in Uror (105,400) and Nyirol (57,200).
What are the main health concerns in the affected areas?
The main health concerns are conflict-related injuries, limited access to care due to damaged facilities, and a rising cholera outbreak with 98,195 cases and 1,619 deaths reported as of February 12th.
What is being done to address the humanitarian crisis?
Humanitarian organizations, including UNICEF, MSF, ICRC, and WHO, are delivering supplies, providing medical care, and responding to the cholera outbreak. However, access constraints and the commandeering of vehicles are hindering efforts to reach those in need.
As humanitarian actors work to deliver aid, will the ongoing security challenges allow for sustained and safe access to vulnerable populations in Jonglei State?
