More than 6.04 million Afghans have returned to their home country from Iran and Pakistan between mid-September 2023 and May 30, 2026, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM). This mass movement, representing roughly one-sixth of the total population, has overwhelmed local resources and left many returnees facing severe shortages of shelter, employment, and essential services.
The Challenge of Reintegration
Returnees often arrive with limited social support systems and little familiarity with current local customs or administrative requirements, the IOM report states. Many individuals, such as 60-year-old Dawlatzai, have spent decades abroad and now return to a country struggling with economic instability and the aftermath of natural disasters. Dawlatzai, who lived in Pakistan for nearly half his life, reported that he lacks adequate housing and faces difficult financial conditions alongside his family’s health concerns.
Government Response and Resource Gaps
The Afghan administration has begun attempts to address the housing shortage. Hamdullah Fitrat, deputy spokesman for the administration, announced last week that 42,614 residential plots have been designated across the country for resettlement. Despite this, residents at the Omari camp, including Khano, continue to report a lack of basic housing and livelihoods. Khano, who returned from Pakistan with his family, stated he is currently unable to find a home in his native Logar province and is seeking urgent government assistance for his health and housing needs.
Future Outlook for Returnees
The situation may worsen without increased international intervention. Mullah Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, director of the Omari camp, has called on the UNHCR, IOM, the World Food Programme (WFP), and private donors to increase their contributions. Analysts suggest that if the current rate of return continues, the pressure on public services will likely intensify. The success of resettlement efforts could depend on whether international aid agencies can bridge the gap between the government’s land allocation and the immediate survival needs of the displaced population.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many people have returned to Afghanistan recently?
According to the IOM, 6.04 million Afghans returned from Iran and Pakistan between mid-September 2023 and May 30, 2026.
What is the primary obstacle for returnees?
Returnees face a lack of housing, jobs, and basic services, often compounded by limited social networks and, for some, the loss of property due to natural disasters like the 6.0-magnitude earthquake that struck last year.
What has the government done to help?
The Afghan administration has designated 42,614 residential plots nationwide to assist with the resettlement of returnees, according to deputy spokesman Hamdullah Fitrat.
How can the international community better support those currently living in temporary border camps like Omari?