brain

How Astrocytes Regulate Memory Consolidation During Sleep

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The findings demonstrate that mature astrocytes control thalamic neural activity through GABA signaling pathways, offering potential implications for epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders associated with memory problems. How Astrocytes Shape Memory Consolidation During Sleep Research has shown that a good night’s sleep has many benefits, including memory consolidation. Dr. Benjamin Deneen, corresponding author, professor … Read more

Memories Persist Despite Massive Synapse Loss, Mouse Study Finds

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Memories can survive even after the brain temporarily loses more than half of its synaptic connections, according to a mouse study published in the journal Science by Yu-Ju Lin and colleagues. The findings challenge the long-held view that long-term memories depend entirely on stable individual synapses, suggesting instead that resilient patterns of neural architecture preserve … Read more

How Vitamin A and Folic Acid Prevent Birth Defects

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Folic acid prevents serious neural tube birth defects by interacting with an enzyme called ALDH1L1 to produce retinoic acid, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and NOVA Medical School discovered that without this specific enzyme pathway, vitamin B9 loses … Read more

How Early-Life Stress Rewires the Brain for Future Sensitivity

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New research published in the journal Neuron identifies a biological mechanism linking childhood adversity to lifelong stress hypersensitivity. By studying mouse models, scientists discovered that early-life stress (ELS) triggers epigenetic changes—specifically the enrichment of the H3K4me1 histone mark and the enzyme SETD7—within the brain’s ventral tegmental area (VTA), effectively priming dopamine neurons to overreact to … Read more

Natural Hormone Suppresses Liver Inflammation via Brain-Gut Pathway

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According to researchers at McMaster University, the naturally occurring hormone GDF15 protects the liver from inflammation and slows the progression of scarring through a brain-to-liver signaling pathway independent of weight loss. Published in Cell Metabolism, the findings challenge longstanding assumptions about the hormone, which is best known for suppressing appetite and promoting weight loss. Understanding … Read more

Real-Time Neurotransmitter Detection: Methods and Applications

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The technique aims to untangle overlapping electrochemical signals to monitor multiple brain chemicals simultaneously during neurochemical monitoring. Measuring Neurotransmitters with Voltammetry and Machine Learning Monitoring brain chemistry in real time remains a core challenge in neurochemistry. According to Andrews, traditional methods like microdialysis involve implanting a semi-permeable membrane into the brain’s extracellular space to sample … Read more

How Brain Cells Coordinate Movement Planning

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Researchers at the University of Freiburg’s BrainLinks-BrainTools research centre have identified how neurons in the premotor and primary motor cortices coordinate movement planning and execution, according to a study published in Cell Reports. The findings reveal that premotor neurons communicate with both inhibitory and excitatory populations in the primary motor cortex during planning, a mechanism … Read more

Neural Stem Cells: Early Split Into Distinct Neuron Lineages

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Neural stem cells in the cerebral cortex split into two independent lineages early in development to produce different types of neurons, according to a study by Irene Varela-Martínez published in Science Advances. This finding, led by the postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), challenges the long-held “inside-out” model of brain … Read more

New Metric Detects Early Alzheimer’s Brain Changes

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Researchers at the Sant Pau Research Institute in Barcelona have identified early microscopic white matter abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease patients using a specialized neuroimaging metric called peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, or PSMD. According to a study published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia, this advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tool detects subtle structural … Read more

Late-Life Psychosis Linked to Abnormal Tau Protein Buildup

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Hallucinations and delusions appearing for the first time in midlife or later are frequently categorized as psychiatric symptoms of unclear biological origin, but new research published in Molecular Psychiatry reveals they may be linked to dementia-related brain changes. According to the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, about 65 percent of patients who develop … Read more

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