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Decarbonisation no longer a trade-off but a security, economic imperative for ASEAN

by Chief Editor
written by Chief Editor

ASEAN’s Energy Future: Beyond the Strait of Hormuz Crisis

The recent effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, triggered by US and Israeli strikes on Iran, has exposed a critical vulnerability for Southeast Asian nations. While initial reactions focused on potential oil price spikes and supply chain disruptions, a more profound shift is needed. ASEAN’s reliance on imported fossil fuels, and the geopolitical forces that dictate access to them, is no longer an inevitable condition.

From Vulnerability to Sovereignty: A Regional Energy Reset

For too long, great power competition has been enabled by control over oil and gas supply chains. Recent events – from the US limiting Cuba’s oil access after a coup in Venezuela to the reshaping of LNG supply chains favoring more powerful states – demonstrate this reality. Southeast Asian economies, heavily dependent on imported energy, are particularly exposed, with energy access and costs dictated by foreign interests and vulnerable shipping routes.

However, ASEAN possesses the resources and technologies to break this dependency and secure its energy sovereignty. The region is exceptionally well-endowed with renewable energy potential: abundant solar irradiance, geothermal resources in Indonesia and the Philippines, hydropower along the Mekong Basin, and largely untapped offshore wind corridors.

The Economics of Decarbonization: A Turning Point

The narrative surrounding decarbonization is changing. It’s no longer solely a moral imperative requiring sacrifice. The dramatic decline in the cost of solar, wind, batteries, and related technologies means that the most secure and affordable energy system is increasingly a clean energy system. China’s experience exemplifies this. Recognizing the link between clean energy and energy security, China launched an ambitious clean energy investment strategy, achieving 84.4% energy self-sufficiency and decreasing its reliance on fossil fuels through electrification and rapid adoption of electric vehicles.

China’s investment has not only accelerated its own transition but has also driven down global costs, making renewables the most cost-effective option for fresh electricity demand.

Fragmented Systems, Amplified Costs

Currently, ASEAN’s energy systems remain fragmented. Individual countries plan their power systems in isolation, cross-border interconnection is limited, and industrial strategies are largely disconnected from energy planning. This fragmentation imposes significant economic and strategic costs, leading to higher system costs, redundant generation, and increased vulnerability to shocks like the Hormuz closure.

It also hinders the development of integrated regional value chains in critical minerals, manufacturing, and clean technology – essential for industrial competitiveness in the energy transition.

A Regional Architecture for Energy Independence

What ASEAN needs is a genuinely regional energy architecture that leverages the region’s diverse resources. Under Malaysia’s 2025 ASEAN chairmanship, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim championed the vision of an integrated, reliable, and sustainable regional energy system. This vision is now being formalized through the function of the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE).

For the first time, ACE is developing an optimized, least-cost, integrated, and decarbonized energy scenario for its forthcoming ASEAN Energy Outlook. This scenario centers on a connected grid, allowing surplus clean generation in one country to meet demand in another, improving reliability and reducing overall investment needs. Shared transmission infrastructure, financed collectively, can lower costs for all member states.

Building the Foundation for a Clean Energy Future

Plans for an integrated energy system aren’t new, but past efforts have lacked a cohesive approach. Success requires rigorous system-level modeling, robust economic analysis, modern industrial policies, a coherent investment plan, and appropriate governance structures that respect national sovereignty while enabling regional coordination. A financing architecture focused on affordability and regional benefit, rather than individual project risk, is also crucial.

ACE is uniquely positioned to provide the analytical and technical foundation for this regional planning, but it requires full support from member states to ensure its independence and focus on regional interests. Development partners should empower ACE by building its institutional capabilities, coordinating resources, and avoiding duplication of effort.

The Geopolitical Imperative

The current geopolitical landscape underscores the urgency of this transition. A region powered by its own renewable resources, connected by a shared grid, governed by shared institutions, and financed through a shared architecture, can set its own terms – for its industries, its trade relationships, and its economic future. Other regions are already demonstrating the strategic autonomy that comes with reducing fossil fuel dependency, and ASEAN has the potential to join them.

FAQ

Q: What is the biggest immediate impact of the Strait of Hormuz closure?
A: Increased oil and LNG prices, impacting energy-importing nations, particularly in Asia.

Q: What role does ACE play in ASEAN’s energy transition?
A: ACE is the mandated technical body responsible for guiding ASEAN’s energy future, developing regional energy scenarios, and providing technical expertise.

Q: What is needed to finance this regional energy transition?
A: A financing architecture focused on affordability and regional benefit, rather than individual project risk, is essential.

Q: Is a fully integrated ASEAN energy system realistic?
A: It requires strong political will, coordinated planning, and investment in cross-border infrastructure, but is achievable with the region’s resources and technological capabilities.

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Health

Thailand warns of heat stroke risk as country enters hot season

by Chief Editor
written by Chief Editor

Thailand Braces for Intensifying Heat: A Growing Public Health Concern

Thailand’s Department of Disease Control (DDC) has issued a stark warning as the country enters its hot season, typically lasting from late February to mid-May. The alert comes after a concerning number of heat-related illnesses and deaths were recorded in 2025, signaling a potential for even greater risk in the coming months.

Rising Temperatures, Rising Risks

Data from the DDC’s Digital Disease Surveillance system revealed 182 heat-related illness cases in 2025, tragically resulting in 21 deaths. This underscores the severity of the threat, particularly for vulnerable populations like outdoor workers, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

Who is Most Vulnerable?

The 2025 data highlights specific demographic trends. The majority of those affected were male (59.3% of cases), with the 15-34 age group experiencing the highest incidence (42.8%). However, individuals aged 60 and over represented a significant 15.9% of cases. A substantial portion of illnesses – over half – occurred among those working outdoors, including soldiers and laborers.

Beyond age and occupation, individuals with underlying conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes are at increased risk. Alcohol consumption was also identified as a contributing factor in nearly a quarter of fatalities.

Understanding the Spectrum of Heat Illnesses

Heat-related illnesses manifest in various forms. Heat exhaustion was the most frequently reported condition (34.07% of cases), followed by heat syncope (23.63%) and heat cramps (14.29%). Heat stroke, the most dangerous and potentially fatal form, accounted for 9.34% of cases.

Geographic Hotspots and Seasonal Patterns

The Northeast region of Thailand bore the brunt of heat-related fatalities in 2025, accounting for 52% of all deaths. The Central and Western regions followed with 24%. April saw the highest number of deaths, coinciding with peak temperatures that can soar to 41 degrees Celsius.

Recognizing the Signs of Heat Stroke

Heat stroke occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system fails, typically when exposed to temperatures exceeding 40°C. Critical warning signs include a remarkably high body temperature, hot and flushed skin, lack of sweating, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, a rapid heartbeat, confusion, weakness, and loss of consciousness. Severe neurological symptoms, such as seizures or incoherent speech, can also occur.

Pro Tip: If you suspect someone is experiencing heat stroke, immediate action is crucial. Call emergency services (1669) and move the person to a cooler environment. Loosen tight clothing and apply cool, wet cloths to the neck, armpits, head, and body. A fan can also help lower body temperature. If the person is unconscious, place them on their side to prevent airway obstruction.

Preventative Measures: Protecting Yourself and Others

Dr. Anek Mung-Om-Klang, deputy director-general of the DDC, emphasizes proactive measures. High-risk groups – including older adults, young children, pregnant women, outdoor workers, athletes, and individuals with chronic illnesses – should accept extra precautions. These include avoiding strenuous activity between 11 am and 3 pm, seeking shade, and staying adequately hydrated by drinking clean water even before feeling thirsty.

It’s also vital to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and sugary drinks, wear loose-fitting, light-colored clothing, and never leave children or pets unattended in parked vehicles, as temperatures inside can escalate rapidly.

Future Trends and Long-Term Implications

The increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves are a global concern, and Thailand is no exception. Climate change is projected to exacerbate these trends, leading to more frequent and prolonged periods of extreme heat. This will likely result in a greater burden on the healthcare system and increased risks for vulnerable populations.

Did you know? The DDC operates a hotline (1422) for further information and assistance regarding heat-related illnesses.

FAQ: Heat Safety in Thailand

Q: What should I do if I feel dizzy or weak in the heat?
A: Immediately move to a cool place, drink water, and rest. If symptoms worsen, seek medical attention.

Q: Is heat stroke always fatal?
A: No, but it is a medical emergency. Prompt treatment significantly improves the chances of survival and reduces the risk of long-term complications.

Q: What are the best drinks to stay hydrated during hot weather?
A: Water is the best choice. Oral rehydration solutions can also be helpful, especially if you are sweating heavily.

Q: How can I protect my elderly relatives during the hot season?
A: Ensure they stay indoors during peak heat hours, drink plenty of fluids, and have access to air conditioning or a cool environment.

Stay informed about weather forecasts and prioritize your health and the health of those around you. By taking preventative measures and recognizing the signs of heat-related illnesses, you can help mitigate the risks associated with Thailand’s increasingly hot summers.

Learn More: Explore additional resources on heat safety from the World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/heat-and-health

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News

Jakarta expands cloud seeing to curb flood risks

by Rachel Morgan News Editor
written by Rachel Morgan News Editor

Jakarta authorities are continuing large-scale weather modification efforts as the region grapples with intense rainfall and the aftermath of recent flooding. The Jakarta provincial administration extended its cloud seeding operation through February 2nd, expanding the area of focus to include satellite cities surrounding the capital.

Weather Modification Efforts Expand

The Jakarta Disaster Mitigation Agency (BPBD) dispersed 3.2 tonnes of salt and quicklime into clouds on Tuesday, conducting four flight sorties at altitudes ranging from 900 to 3,700 meters. These efforts targeted not only Jakarta itself, but also Bekasi and Bogor in West Java.

Did You Know? Since January 12th, a total of 97.8 tonnes of sodium chloride and calcium oxide have been used in the cloud seeding operation.

According to Jakarta Governor Pramono Anung, the expansion is intended to prevent flooding originating in neighboring cities like Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, and Bekasi. The administration has utilized cloud seeding techniques in the past, both to induce rainfall during droughts and to divert rain clouds.

Broader Weather Concerns

The current weather situation is part of a larger pattern of extreme weather across Indonesia. The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) has issued warnings for heavy rainfall and potential floods and landslides across southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Nusa Tenggara islands until the end of the month.

Several atmospheric factors are contributing to the conditions, including the formation of a tropical cyclone invest – designated Invest 98S – over the Indian Ocean, as well as an intensifying Asian monsoon and a cold surge from mainland Asia.

Expert Insight: Employing cloud seeding as a preventative measure highlights the increasing challenges faced by urban centers in managing the impacts of climate variability. While the technique aims to mitigate immediate risks, it doesn’t address the underlying causes of more frequent and intense rainfall events.

In addition to rainfall-induced flooding, the Jakarta BPBD has warned of potential tidal flooding along the city’s northern coast, particularly in Ancol, Cilincing, and Tanjung Priok, between January 27th and February 3rd. Flooding in East, South, and North Jakarta from last week has begun to recede, and the City Hall has committed to covering medical expenses for those affected.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cloud seeding?

Cloud seeding involves dispersing substances like salt and quicklime into clouds from aircraft to encourage rainfall at a specific time, or to modify cloud behavior.

What areas are currently at risk of flooding?

The Jakarta BPBD has warned of potential tidal flooding in Ancol, Cilincing, and Tanjung Priok in North Jakarta. The possibility of high rainfall also remains in Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, and Bekasi.

How many fatalities have been reported due to the recent flooding?

At least two people reportedly died during the recent flood in Jakarta.

If the cloud seeding operation is successful, rainfall intensity in Jakarta and surrounding areas could decrease in the coming days. However, the BMKG’s broader warning suggests that the potential for extreme weather events will likely persist throughout the month, and continued vigilance is advised.

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News

Beyond cleanup: A Sunday with Trash Hero Jakarta

by Rachel Morgan News Editor
written by Rachel Morgan News Editor

A Sunday cleanup in Jakarta’s Lapangan Banteng park reveals a growing movement to address Indonesia’s mounting waste crisis, but also highlights the limitations of relying solely on cleanup efforts.

The Last Line of Defense

Volunteers with Trash Hero Jakarta, a network originating in Switzerland in 2013 and now operating in 15 countries, gather weekly to remove litter. At its peak, before the pandemic, Trash Hero operated nearly 80 chapters across Indonesia. In Jakarta, volunteers meet every Sunday at 7:30 a.m. at Lapangan Banteng, while in Canggu, Bali, cleanups take place on Sundays at 4:30 p.m. on Batu Bolong beach.

Did You Know? Trash Hero Jakarta volunteers are advised to be careful not to discard half-finished drinks, as individuals may return for them.

For Tony, a 44-year-old volunteer, the effort is about instilling a sense of shared responsibility in his children, aged 10 to 14. He hopes to teach them that public cleanliness is a common duty, as practiced in countries like Japan and Singapore.

An Upstream Problem

Despite the dedication of volunteers, chapter leader Krishna emphasizes that cleanups are merely a reactive measure. “A cleanup is essentially just moving trash from point A to point B,” he states. “It’s the last line of defense. By the time it reaches the ground, we’ve already failed.”

Indonesia generates 33.6 million tonnes of waste annually, with 40 percent improperly managed. The issue is compounded by over 260,000 tonnes of imported plastic waste, despite a 2 percent impurity limit. The Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) identifies the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry as a significant contributor to the problem.

Expert Insight: Focusing solely on cleanup efforts allows producers to avoid addressing the fundamental issue of excessive packaging and unsustainable production practices. True progress requires a shift in focus “upstream” to tackle the source of the waste.

Krishna recounts a past offer from a major FMCG skincare brand to collaborate on a cleanup campaign. He questioned their motives, asking why they weren’t redesigning their packaging or altering their production methods, particularly given that their products utilize plastics difficult to recycle. Sachets, in particular, are a major source of pollution, with the average Indonesian discarding approximately 4 kilograms of sachet waste each year.

Engaging with Policy

Trash Hero Jakarta extends its efforts beyond cleanup, actively engaging with policymakers. In 2023, the organization was invited by the Jakarta Legislative Council’s Commission A to contribute to discussions surrounding the city’s Waste Management Regulation. A simple change – replacing bottled water with glassware at meetings – demonstrated the impact of leading by example.

The group also reviewed Jakarta’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) report for the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), raising concerns about a proposed reliance on incineration. Krishna advocated for a community-based maggot composting facility in Cilincing as a more sustainable and scalable solution.

While the ultimate impact on the final report remains unclear, the process highlighted the value of incorporating knowledge from those directly affected by the waste crisis into policy decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Trash Hero Jakarta’s primary goal?

While Trash Hero Jakarta organizes cleanups, its primary goal is to address the root causes of the waste crisis by advocating for changes in production and policy.

How much waste does Indonesia produce annually?

Indonesia produces 33.6 million tonnes of waste a year, with 40 percent of it not being properly managed.

What role do FMCG companies play in the waste crisis?

According to the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi), the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is a major contributor to the waste crisis, particularly through the production of difficult-to-recycle packaging like sachets.

If we continue to ignore the systems that create waste, will we ever truly address the problem?

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News

Mt. Semeru erupts again, triggers ashfall in three districts

by Chief Editor
written by Chief Editor

The Ongoing Saga of Mount Semeru: Lessons from the Past and Future Preparations

Mount Semeru, also known as Gunung Merapi, has seen increased activity over the past few months, heightening concerns in East Java, Indonesia. As Semeru continues its fiery performances, it’s crucial to understand its patterns, implications, and what future trends might look like. Here’s an in-depth analysis.

Understanding Mount Semeru’s Recent Eruptions

Over recent days, Semeru has erupted dozens of times, triggering ash columns and significant ashfall. Between late night hours on Friday and Thursday, data showed between 3 and 55 eruptions, with ash spewing 500 to 700 meters above the summit. SOE observers have been hamstrung by dense fog that veils the mountain, limiting visibility of its volcanic cues.

These eruptions have forced local authorities to repeatedly warn residents, especially those near critical rivers like Besuk Kobokan, Besuk Kembar, and Besuk Sat, about the risks of pyroclastic flows and lahars.

Historical Echoes: Semeru’s Notorious Past

Mount Semeru is no stranger to catastrophic eruptions. Most notably, December 2021 saw the volcano erupt violently, costing 51 lives and displacing nearly 10,000 people. The following December prompted another evacuation of 2,000 residents due to a massive ash cloud. These incidents highlight the tangible risks and the need for efficient evacuation and safety protocols.

Futuristic Safeguards: Preparing for The Next Eruption

While heightened volcanic activity might be considered normal, as experts from BPBD suggest, proactive measures are essential. How can communities better prepare?

Pro tips for Community Safety

  • Early Warning Systems: Implementing robust seismic activity monitors with real-time alerts.
  • Community Drills: Conduct regular evacuation drills and safety drills in schools with comprehensive action plans for easy response.
  • Public Education: Educating local communities on evacuation routes and emergency kits, which should include masks and goggles to combat ash.

Did you know? A study published by the National Geographic shows repeated volcanic eruptions significantly change local climate patterns, impacting agriculture and biodiversity.

Economic and Environmental Impacts

The repercussions of volcanic eruptions transcend immediate human safety and extend to economic and environmental domains. Ashfall impacts agriculture, tourism, and daily life. Communities must explore sustainable agricultural practices that can withstand ashfall’s suppressive effects on crops. Moreover, tourism strategies should pivot toward resilience and recovery.

Global Context: Comparing Semeru to Worldwide Volcanoes

Mount Semeru’s activities echo in other volcanic landscapes. The eruption in Iceland’s Fagradalsfjall in 2021 showed similar challenges with ashfall and evacuation. Learning from these global counterparts can help devise better disaster responses and resilience building.

FAQs About Volcanic Activity and Preparedness

  • What are lahars? Lahars are fast-moving volcanic mudflows that can be extremely destructive.
  • How can residents protect themselves from ash? Wearing masks and goggles, staying indoors, and using air purifiers can mitigate ash inhalation and contamination.
  • Are there insurance policies for volcanic eruptions? Yes, some insurance providers offer specific policies for volcanic damage in high-risk areas.

Looking Ahead: The Path of Resilience

Indonesia’s volcanic regions must not only plan for potential disasters but also invest in building long-term resilience. Collaborative efforts among government bodies, local communities, and international agencies can pave the way for sustainable future preparedness.

Engage with more insights: If you’re keen on understanding volcanic activities and insights, explore our articles on volcanic research and safety measures.

Readers, your thoughts matter! Share your views on community preparedness in the comments below, and consider subscribing for the latest updates on natural disaster management.

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