Nearly 47,000 Italian consumers have finally received a total of €42.8 million in compensation following a landmark settlement in the “Dieselgate” saga. The distribution follows a 2024 agreement between Altroconsumo and Volkswagen, marking the most significant collective redress victory ever recorded in Italy.
The Cost of Deception
Eligible consumers received compensation ranging from €550 to €1,100 per vehicle, with an additional €300 provided for cases of joint ownership. These payments conclude legal proceedings initiated in 2015 against the Volkswagen Group.
The litigation centered on the installation of “defeat device” software in millions of vehicles to cheat independent emissions tests. This deception misled drivers about pollution levels, hindered informed purchasing decisions, and reduced the resale value of the affected cars.
A Fragmented Path to Justice
While Italy has seen success, the experience of European consumers remains uneven. In Belgium, Testachats/Testaankoop obtained compensation in 2025 for owners of VW Group brands, including Audi, Seat, and Skoda.
In contrast, Spanish consumers face prolonged delays. Despite a 2021 ruling for €3,000 per consumer, an appeal forced the case to restart in the Barcelona Provincial Court, with a hearing potentially not occurring until 2027.
Portugal’s efforts ended in disappointment. A case launched by DECO PROteste on behalf of 125,000 consumers was halted by a Supreme Court of Justice ruling on procedural issues, and the organization currently lacks the resources to bring a new action.
Global Discrepancies and EU Policy
The gap in redress extends beyond Europe. US owners received up to $10,000 (€11,700) ten years ago, while the UK saw a £193 million (€262 million) settlement in 2022 for 90,000 drivers.
Australia also provided redress, making approximately A$120 million (€75 million) available to about 43,000 consumers. These figures highlight a significant discrepancy in how the same corporate practice was penalized across different jurisdictions.
The Struggle for Unified Enforcement
The EU’s Representative Actions Directive (RAD), applied at the national level in 2023, aimed to improve cross-border collective actions. It provided a framework for Member States that previously lacked collective redress legislation.

However, the result is currently 27 different national regimes rather than a unified “European class action.” Fragmentation persists due to the discretion given to states to choose between “opt-in” or “opt-out” systems.
even in opt-out regimes, consumers from other countries typically must still opt-in, creating a dual-layered complexity for those seeking enforcement across borders.
What May Happen Next
As the RAD continues to be implemented, there may be a gradual shift toward more consistent enforcement if Member States align their frameworks. This could potentially reduce the barriers for consumers seeking redress in jurisdictions like Spain.

Future collective actions across the EU may see higher participation rates if more countries adopt opt-out systems. However, without further unification, the pace of justice is likely to remain dependent on national court efficiency and the resources of local consumer organizations.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much compensation did Italian consumers receive? Eligible consumers received between €550 and €1,100 per vehicle, with an extra €300 available for joint ownership. Why was the “defeat device” software illegal? The software was designed to cheat independent emissions tests, misleading consumers about the pollution levels of their vehicles and affecting resale values. What is the Representative Actions Directive (RAD)? Applied in 2023, the RAD is an EU directive intended to improve the effectiveness of cross-border collective actions for consumer protection breaches.
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