Indonesia’s Bold Bet on Drone Carriers: Reshaping Naval Power in the Indo-Pacific
Indonesia is poised to significantly upgrade its naval capabilities with the anticipated arrival of the Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi. The transfer, a strategic grant from Italy, marks a pivotal moment for the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) and signals a shift towards a blue-water naval doctrine.
From Green to Blue Water: A Strategic Recalibration
Historically, Indonesia’s naval strategy has focused on a “green-water” approach, prioritizing operations within its archipelagic waters. This has limited its ability to effectively patrol and protect its vast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), particularly in distant areas. The Giuseppe Garibaldi, once modernized, will function as a floating forward base, extending Indonesia’s reach and enabling greater sea control in critical theaters like the North Natuna Sea.
The $450 Million Refit: Modernizing a Legacy Platform
Even as the hull is provided as a grant, Indonesia is committing approximately $450 million to a comprehensive refurbishment program at Fincantieri in Italy. This includes restoring the gas turbine propulsion system, upgrading radar suites, and integrating next-generation electronic sensors. The modernization aims to create a technologically advanced platform compatible with the broader Indonesian Armed Forces command-and-control architecture.
A Drone Carrier Future: Cost-Effective Airpower
Given budgetary constraints and the absence of V/STOL fighters, a key consideration is converting the Giuseppe Garibaldi into a dedicated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) carrier. Deploying advanced combat drones would offer a cost-effective means of projecting airpower and mitigating pilot risk in a rapidly evolving maritime battlespace. This approach aligns with the growing trend of drone integration in modern naval warfare.
Southeast Asia’s Rising Naval Power
Indonesia’s acquisition of the Giuseppe Garibaldi will elevate its naval profile within Southeast Asia. Compared to Thailand’s HTMS Chakri Naruebet, the modernized Indonesian carrier is expected to possess a technological edge in combat management systems. Singapore’s Joint Multi-Mission Ship, while significant, is primarily focused on logistics and transport rather than dedicated combat operations.
Beyond Hardware: The Importance of a Carrier Strike Group
A carrier’s effectiveness is contingent upon the supporting fleet. Indonesia must develop a robust carrier strike group to protect this high-value asset. This includes at least two or three air-defense-capable frigates, potentially from the Merah Putih class, alongside stealth submarines and dedicated replenishment ships. Without layered protection, the carrier becomes vulnerable to long-range anti-ship missiles.
Logistics and Endurance: Sustaining Operations at Sea
Gas-turbine carriers require substantial fuel supplies. Strengthening Indonesia’s tanker fleet is crucial to ensure sustained operations at sea and maintain deterrence credibility. Without adequate logistical support, mission endurance will be limited, diminishing the carrier’s strategic value.
A Symbol of Maritime Sovereignty
Carrier ownership signifies Indonesia’s commitment to securing its own maritime domain and reduces reliance on external military alliances. This strengthens Jakarta’s bargaining power as the world’s largest archipelagic state and allows it to pursue its “free and active” foreign policy doctrine more effectively.
FAQ
Q: What is the cost of acquiring the Giuseppe Garibaldi?
A: The hull is a grant from Italy. Indonesia is investing approximately $450 million for the refit and modernization.
Q: When is the Giuseppe Garibaldi expected to arrive in Indonesia?
A: The projected arrival date is October 2026.
Q: Will Indonesia purchase fighter jets for the carrier?
A: The article suggests a focus on UAVs as a cost-effective alternative to traditional fighter jets.
Q: What is Indonesia’s current naval doctrine?
A: Historically, Indonesia has followed a “green-water” naval doctrine, but is shifting towards a “blue-water” capability.
The success of this project will depend on sustained budgetary discipline and a holistic modernization of the Indonesian Navy. If managed effectively, the Giuseppe Garibaldi could become a symbol of Indonesia’s maritime resurgence, echoing the seafaring prowess of its historical kingdoms.