Iran

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has issued a directive requiring commercial vessels to utilize only Tehran-approved transit routes through the Strait of Hormuz, challenging a new shipping corridor recently announced by Oman. This dispute creates a fresh hurdle for the 60-day negotiation window established by the recent US-Iran memorandum of understanding (MoU), which aims to formalize a permanent peace agreement and reopen the vital waterway to global trade, according to reports from Al Jazeera.

Why is the Strait of Hormuz a global economic flashpoint?

The Strait of Hormuz functions as a critical artery for the global energy market, with roughly one-fifth of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply passing through the passage daily. Data from the US Energy Information Administration confirms that approximately 20 million barrels of petroleum products transit the strait every day. Beyond energy, the route is essential for international fertilizer trade, accounting for about one-third of global exports. Because the strait narrows to just 33km at its tightest point, control over the waterway provides Iran with significant strategic leverage to influence global energy prices and pressure adversaries, a factor that has historically destabilized US-linked markets.

How does the new Omani route conflict with Iranian demands?

On Wednesday, Oman announced a new shipping transit route coordinated with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to restore safe navigation as traffic resumes. The IRGC immediately rejected this, stating that the route was established without coordination with Tehran. According to an IRGC statement, the only authorized transit routes are those designated by the Islamic Republic. The IRGC further mandated that vessels maintain direct contact with their naval forces while transiting. Analysts note this friction stems from the fact that the Omani route partially bypasses the direct oversight Iran has exercised during the recent conflict, limiting their ability to use the waterway as a pressure point, as reported by Al Jazeera’s Resul Serdar.

What does the US-Iran agreement mean for shipping fees?

The memorandum of understanding signed last week commits Iran to facilitate the safe passage of commercial vessels for 60 days without charge. However, uncertainty persists regarding the period following this window. Ali Vaez, the Iran project director at the International Crisis Group, warns that the primary concern is whether Iran will attempt to impose tolls or transit fees once the initial agreement expires. While US Secretary of State Marco Rubio maintains that the strait is an international waterway where no country has the right to charge fees, Iranian chief negotiator Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf has publicly stated that the status of Hormuz “will never return” to its pre-war state, suggesting a fundamental shift in governance is being pursued by Tehran.

Comparison: Pre-war vs. Current Shipping Status

Are demining operations affecting transit safety?

Normal shipping operations remain hindered by the presence of mines, which were part of the disruption caused by the four-month conflict. The signed MoU mandates that Iran must complete demining operations within 30 days. According to shipping analytics firm Kpler, the current reliance on “dark” routing—where ships disable transponders—and the incomplete demining process mean that shipping has not yet returned to pre-war reliability. While the number of confirmed crossings rose to 70 on Wednesday, the IRGC’s rhetoric regarding route approvals continues to create uncertainty for shipping operators attempting to re-enter the corridor.

Frequently Asked Questions

• Can Iran legally charge fees for the Strait of Hormuz?
  International law generally protects the right of transit through international straits. The US maintains that no country has the legal authority to impose unilateral tolls on vessels in these waters.
• What happens if the 60-day negotiation fails?
  The MoU does not specify future governance beyond the initial 60-day window. Analysts like Ali Vaez warn that without visible momentum on issues such as nuclear monitoring and sanctions relief, the peace process risks collapse.
• Who is currently controlling the waterway?
  While the US and Iran have both declared the strait open, the IRGC continues to assert authority over specific transit routes, creating a dual-control environment that complicates navigation for commercial carriers.

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