A hand stencil discovered in a cave on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, is now recognized as the oldest known example of rock art on Earth, predating the previous oldest discovery in the same region by at least 15,000 years.
Unearthing the Past
An international research team, including scientists from Griffith University, Indonesia’s national research and innovation agency (BRIN), and Southern Cross University, determined the artwork was created at least 67,800 years ago. The discovery offers new insights into the arrival of humans in Australia and the cultural connections between early populations.
The artwork, a partial hand stencil, was found surrounded by younger paintings within Liang Metanduno cave. Researchers used uranium-series dating to analyze mineral layers surrounding the art, establishing its age.
A Lasting Artistic Tradition
The findings indicate that artistic activity in this cave spanned at least 35,000 years, continuing until approximately 20,000 years ago. Professor Maxime Aubert of Griffith University noted that Sulawesi was home to a “rich and longstanding artistic culture” originating in the earliest period of human occupation, at least 67,800 years ago.
The hand stencil itself is a unique variation of a common motif, intentionally modified after its creation. The fingers were narrowed, giving the hand a claw-like appearance, the meaning of which remains unknown, according to Professor Adam Brumm of Griffith University.
Implications for Human Migration
Dr. Adhi Agus Oktaviana of BRIN stated that the discovery has significant implications for understanding the history of Australian Aboriginal culture. This proves likely that the artists were part of the population that eventually spread through the region and reached Australia.
The findings support the idea that the ancestors of the First Australians were in Sahul – the ancient landmass connecting Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea – by at least 65,000 years ago. This evidence strengthens the case for a northern migration route into Sahul, through Sulawesi and the ‘Spice Islands’ toward New Guinea.
Professor Renaud Joannes-Boyau of Southern Cross University explained that the dating of the Sulawesi rock art provides the oldest direct evidence of modern humans along this northern migration corridor.
Frequently Asked Questions
How old is the hand stencil?
The hand stencil is at least 67,800 years old, making it the oldest reliably dated cave art ever found.
Where was the artwork discovered?
The artwork was discovered in limestone caves in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, and on the nearby island of Muna.
What does the altered hand stencil suggest?
The altered hand stencil, with its claw-like appearance, could symbolize a connection between humans and animals, though its precise meaning remains uncertain.
What will future research reveal about the early human presence in this region of the world?
