Jakarta, CNN Indonesia — Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY), explained the fundamental differences between today’s transmigration program and the one during the New Order era under Soeharto. He clarified this while answering questions during a press conference at the Ministry of Transportation on Thursday (12/12).
AHY emphasized that the new paradigm for transmigration focuses on enhancing people’s welfare, not just increasing numbers or statistics. Quantity is important, but the main goal is to improve the quality of life. He also highlighted the importance of boosting human resources capacity, especially for the younger generation, as a significant part of the current transmigration program. The modern transmigration program aims to reduce regional disparities, particularly between Java and non-Java regions, and between cities and rural areas. It seeks to achieve high economic growth with equality, justice, and welfare.
AHY stressed the necessity for cross-ministerial and inter-institutional collaboration to support the transmigration program. He emphasized the importance of working together with other ministers, local governments, academic institutions, media, and all societal elements to achieve this goal.
Title: AHY: Explaining the Differences Between the Current Transmigration Program and the Era of Soeharto
Introduction
Transmigration, a government-led resettlement program, has been a significant aspect of Indonesian history, particularly during the New Order era under President Soeharto. The program, known as Transmigrasi, aimed to redistribute the population, promote development, and alleviate poverty. Today, the transmigration program has evolved, with the current administration focusing more on sustainability, community involvement, and human rights. This article, written from the perspective of AHY (Aku, Himne, dan Yeh), a trio of Indonesian political commentators, will delve into the differences between the current transmigration program and that of the Soeharto era.
1. Policy Direction and Objectives
Soeharto Era: The transmigration policy during the Soeharto era was heavily influenced by the government’s desire to control population growth, reduce poverty, and open up new agricultural lands, particularly in sparsely populated regions like Kalimantan and Papua. The policy was top-down, with the government making decisions without substantial input from local communities or considering environmental impacts.
Current Era: The current transmigration program, under the Joko Widodo administration, has shifted its focus towards balanced regional development, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability. The program now emphasizes community involvement, local consent, and the preservation of local cultures and ecosystems. It also aims to address the root causes of migration, such as poverty, lack of employment opportunities, and environmental degradation.
2. Selection and Targeting of Migrants
Soeharto Era: The selection of migrants during the Soeharto era was often based on political considerations, with the government favoring supporters and those from overcrowded Java. The process was often marred by corruption, with many migrants being selected without proper assessment of their needs or the suitability of the destination areas.
Current Era: The current transmigration program aims to target migrants based on their needs and the suitability of destination areas. The selection process now involves a more comprehensive assessment, considering factors such as the migrant’s skills, the destination area’s job market, and the potential impact on the local community and environment.
3. Infrastructure and Support
Soeharto Era: During the Soeharto era, the government provided limited support to transmigrants, focusing mainly on infrastructure development, such as roads, housing, and agricultural facilities. However, this often led to unsustainable practices, such as deforestation and the use of unsustainable farming methods.
Current Era: The current transmigration program places a greater emphasis on providing comprehensive support to migrants, including training, education, and access to credit and markets. The program also focuses on sustainable infrastructure development, such as renewable energy sources and climate-resilient agriculture.
4. Environmental Considerations
Soeharto Era: The Soeharto-era transmigration program often overlooked environmental considerations, leading to deforestation, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity in many destination areas.
Current Era: The current transmigration program places a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability. It promotes sustainable farming practices, conservation of natural resources, and the preservation of local ecosystems. The program also involves local communities in environmental management and monitoring.
5. Human Rights and Community Involvement
Soeharto Era: The Soeharto-era transmigration program often disregarded the rights and needs of local communities. Transmigrants were often resettled in areas without proper consultation with local communities, leading to conflicts and tensions.
Current Era: The current transmigration program emphasizes human rights and community involvement. It involves local communities in the planning and implementation of transmigration projects, ensuring their needs and concerns are addressed. The program also promotes the preservation of local cultures and traditions.
Conclusion
The current transmigration program in Indonesia has evolved significantly from the era of Soeharto, reflecting a shift in policy priorities towards sustainability, community involvement, and human rights. While challenges remain, such as the need for adequate funding and political will, the current program represents a significant step forward in promoting balanced regional development and supporting Indonesia’s diverse communities. As AHY, we believe that a well-planned and executed transmigration program can contribute to Indonesia’s development, provided it is based on the principles of sustainability, equity, and community involvement.
