A week-long commemoration began Monday in the Torres Strait, marking the 90th anniversary of the 1936 maritime strike led by Torres Strait Islander pearl shell workers. This historic action, the first organized Indigenous maritime strike in Australia, arose from decades of racist and restrictive conditions imposed by government officials.
A History of Exploitation and Resistance
For millennia, Torres Strait Islanders have possessed deep diving skills rooted in a sacred connection to their waters. Following colonization, these skills were exploited by the pearl-shell industry, with Islanders receiving minimal compensation for the dangerous work. By the 1930s, workers labored under the control of a government ‘protector’ who dictated their movements, spending, and even the crewing of ships.
The strike began in January 1936, while JD McLean was recruiting workers for “company ships.” Facing ongoing racism and repression, the pearlers took collective action. Over the following months, arrests were made, and some wage increases were conceded by the government. However, the workers maintained their resolve.
Significant Gains Achieved
By September 1936, the strike yielded substantial changes: the abolishment of the nighttime curfew, self-determination in boat crewing, and the removal of JD McLean from his position. The Gur A Baradharaw Kod Torres Strait Sea and Land Council (GBK) is staging the commemoration, recognizing the strike’s profound impact.
Ned David, chair of the GBK, stated, “Torres Strait Islander men stood together on the shores of our islands and said ‘enough’.” He further emphasized, “The 1936 Maritime Strike was the first organised Indigenous maritime strike in the country. It is time we tell this story, and reflect on how it has shaped modern Australia.”
The commemoration includes seminars, cultural exhibitions, and an appearance by Governor-General Sam Mostyn, and will continue until January 16.
Frequently Asked Questions
What prompted the 1936 strike?
The strike was prompted by years of racist and restrictive conditions imposed by government officials, culminating in the imposition of even more restrictive nighttime curfews by JD McLean in January 1936.
How did the strike conclude?
The strike concluded in September 1936 with the abolishment of the curfew, self-determination in crewing boats, and the departure of JD McLean.
What was the impact of the strike beyond the immediate concessions?
The events of 1936 inspired the pivotal Masig Conference of 1937, a key moment in the Torres Strait’s fight for self-determination, demonstrating the strike’s lasting legacy.
How will recognizing this history shape future conversations about Indigenous rights and self-determination in Australia?
