A deepening crisis in Cuba is driving unprecedented numbers of its citizens to seek refuge abroad, with Uruguay emerging as a primary destination. Hospitals have suspended surgeries, tourism is declining, and essential services like electricity and fuel are severely restricted, prompting a mass exodus. More than 1.5 million Cuban residents have left the country in the last five years.
A Surge in Cuban Migration to Uruguay
Uruguay has seen a dramatic increase in Cuban arrivals. In 2025, the country’s net migration balance with Cuba – the difference between arrivals and departures – nearly tripled compared to 2024, reaching 14,959. Over 22,000 Cubans arrived in Uruguay in 2025, while approximately 7,000 residents departed. This marks the highest influx of Cubans since the death of Fidel Castro, with one exception: 2021, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, saw a slight negative migration balance.
The demand for assistance from Cuban migrants seeking to reach Uruguay is growing. The organization UruVene, originally established to support Venezuelan migrants, is now receiving more inquiries from Cubans than from any other nationality. Those still on the island are reportedly facing dire conditions, including prolonged power outages and shortages of essential goods like gas and access to healthcare.
Valeria España, Director of the Division of Social Protection for Migrants at Uruguay’s Ministry of Social Development, noted that the policies of the United States may be influencing the decision of some Cubans to seek refuge in Uruguay. She also emphasized that the longer migrants remain in Uruguay, the greater their chances of establishing permanent residency.
Interestingly, 2025 also marked a shift in migration patterns involving Venezuela, with more Venezuelans leaving Uruguay than arriving – a first since the start of the recent mass exodus.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is driving Cubans to leave their country?
The source states that a “crisis” exists in Cuba, with hospitals suspending surgeries, hotels closing, transportation being cut, and interruptions to the electrical service. There is also a “crisis of fuel” without precedent.
How many Cubans have migrated in recent years?
More than 1.5 million Cuban residents have left the country in the last five years, according to the source.
What was the net migration balance between Cuba and Uruguay in 2025?
The net migration balance was 14,959, with over 22,000 Cubans arriving and approximately 7,000 residents departing, according to the source.
As Cuba continues to grapple with economic and social challenges, will Uruguay be able to sustain its role as a haven for those seeking a better life?
