The Great American Exodus: Why More U.S. Citizens Are Seeking a Second Passport
For decades, the U.S. Passport was a symbol of global freedom. But a confluence of factors – tightening international entry rules, shifting visa policies, and increasing political uncertainty – is driving a surge in Americans quietly preparing “Plan B” residencies abroad. New indices from Henley & Partners reveal the most sought-after programs as the strength of the U.S. Passport begins to wane.
A Record Surge in Applications
2025 marked a pivotal year in the world of second passports and citizenship-by-investment. For the first time, Henley & Partners saw residents of advanced economies, particularly Americans, actively seeking alternative citizenship options. Inquiries jumped by a remarkable 183% between the first three months of 2024 and 2025, translating into a 67% increase in applications by the finish of September 2025. Americans now represent the largest group of applicants, accounting for 30% of Henley & Partners’ total.
Europe Remains the Hotspot
Europe is a primary destination for Americans seeking alternative residencies. Portugal’s golden visa program has seen significant interest, with 50% more Americans becoming residents in 2024 compared to 2023. Italy is also experiencing a boom, with applications doubling over the past two years. Greece is gaining popularity due to its streamlined administrative process, avoiding the backlogs often associated with Portugal’s program.
Top Programs Ranked
According to Henley & Partners’ latest indices, Greece currently leads the Global Residence Program Index, marking the first time it has held the top spot. Italy, Switzerland, and Portugal follow closely behind. Malta continues to dominate the Global Citizenship Program Index, holding the number one position for the tenth consecutive year, alongside Austria, Grenada, and St Kitts and Nevis.
Beyond Investment: The Motivations Driving Americans Abroad
The desire for a second passport isn’t solely about financial investment. Americans are increasingly motivated by a need for political stability, affordable healthcare, and expanded travel freedoms. Concerns about personal safety and rights, particularly within the LGBTQ+ community, are also contributing factors. A 2025 Harris poll revealed that nearly half of all Americans, and two-thirds of Gen Z and Millennial respondents, are interested in obtaining dual citizenship.
The potential enactment of the Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025, which would require Americans to relinquish other citizenships, has paradoxically increased applications, despite its uncertain future. Currently, the U.S. Doesn’t officially track dual citizenship, but estimates range from 500,000 to 10 million, with some suggesting as many as 30 million Americans may be eligible for ancestry passports in other countries.
The Declining Power of the U.S. Passport
The U.S. Passport is losing its once-unrivaled strength. Recent travel restrictions imposed on U.S. Citizens by other nations – including Brazil reinstating visa requirements in reciprocity for U.S. Policies – signal a shift in global perception. In the 2026 Henley Passport Index, the U.S. Passport ranks 10th most powerful globally, a decline from its consistent top-ten position over the past two decades.
As global interconnection deepens and political instability rises, more Americans are viewing a single passport as a limitation rather than a privilege. The world is increasingly embracing multiple citizenships, offering broader freedoms and opportunities.
Did you recognize?
75% of countries globally allow their citizens to acquire a second nationality without forfeiting their original citizenship, according to the MACIMIDE Global Expatriate Dual Citizenship Dataset.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is a golden visa?
A: A golden visa is a residence permit granted to individuals who invest a significant amount of capital in a country’s economy.
Q: Why are Americans seeking second citizenships?
A: Primarily for political stability, affordable healthcare, increased travel freedom, and as a safeguard against potential future uncertainties.
Q: Which countries are most popular for Americans seeking residency?
A: Portugal, Greece, and Italy are currently the most popular destinations in Europe.
Q: Is it legal for Americans to have dual citizenship?
A: Yes, although the U.S. Does not require citizens to renounce other citizenships, other countries may have different rules.
Q: What is the Henley Passport Index?
A: The Henley Passport Index is a ranking of the world’s passports based on the number of destinations their holders can access visa-free.
Pro Tip: Thoroughly research the requirements and costs associated with each program before applying. Consulting with an investment migration firm can provide valuable guidance.
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