Bangladesh has launched an emergency vaccination campaign targeting more than one million children to contain a fast-spreading measles outbreak that has claimed dozens of lives and left thousands of children at risk. The drive, a partnership between the government, the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, is a response to a sharp rise in cases that has already resulted in 17 confirmed deaths and 113 suspected deaths.
Phased vaccination for high-risk districts
The emergency effort began on Sunday, April 5, 2026, focusing on 18 high-risk districts. Health officials are prioritizing children between six months and five years old, specifically those who missed routine immunizations and are most susceptible to severe complications. The campaign is scheduled to expand nationwide in phases starting next month.
Since March 15, official data indicates more than 900 confirmed cases of measles among 7,500 suspected infections. This resurgence has exposed critical immunity gaps, particularly among “zero-dose” children who have received no vaccines. Rana Flowers, UNICEF’s representative in Bangladesh, noted that infections among infants under nine months are especially alarming, as these children are not yet eligible for routine vaccination.
The urgency of the campaign is driven by the highly contagious nature of measles. As an airborne disease, it spreads rapidly through respiratory droplets, causing high fever, respiratory symptoms, and a characteristic rash. Without intervention, it can lead to fatal complications in young children.
Public Health Context: The 95% Threshold
To achieve herd immunity and stop the transmission of measles, the WHO states that at least 95% of a population must be vaccinated. When coverage drops below this level, “immunity gaps” emerge, allowing the virus to circulate and cause outbreaks even in countries with established vaccination programs.
Political instability and vaccine shortages
The current crisis is not merely a medical failure but a systemic one. During a session in Parliament on Monday, the Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Sardar Md. Sakhawat Husain, attributed the outbreak to mismanagement by previous administrations. He stated that the government of ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the subsequent interim government led by Muhammad Yunus failed to maintain proper vaccine stockpiles.
These failures led to shortages affecting vaccines for measles and six other essential diseases. The disruption occurred against a backdrop of significant political upheaval: Hasina was removed in a 2024 mass uprising, followed by Yunus’s interim administration, which eventually transferred power to an elected government following February’s elections.
Guidance for parents and caregivers
Health authorities are urging parents to seek immediate professional medical care for suspected cases rather than relying on informal sources. F. A. Asma Khan, deputy director of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Dhaka, warned against purchasing unnecessary medications from local shopkeepers.

Parents are advised to take children to a hospital immediately if they exhibit a high fever—specifically 101°F to 104°F (above 38.3°C). Professional medical officers are equipped to provide the necessary basic treatment to prevent the disease from progressing to fatal complications.
While Bangladesh has seen remarkable progress since 1979—increasing the coverage of fully immunized children from 2% to 81.6%—this outbreak serves as a reminder that stark disparities in access persist, leaving the most vulnerable populations exposed.
Quick Reference: Measles Outbreak Facts
- Target Population: Children aged 6 months to 5 years.
- Current Reach: 18 high-risk districts, expanding nationwide next month.
- Key Symptoms: High fever (above 38.3°C), respiratory issues, and rash.
- Primary Risk: Zero-dose children and infants under 9 months.
As the vaccination drive expands, will the restoration of vaccine stockpiles be enough to close the immunity gaps created during years of political transition?




