Australia is facing growing pressure on its public services and housing due to a significant increase in nonpermanent residents, prompting calls for a new approach to immigration targets.
Focus on ‘Temporariness’ Needed
A new report argues that Australia should aim for a “stable temporary population” to address the issue. Researchers Alan Gamlen, director of the Australian National University’s migration hub, and emeritus professor Peter McDonald, contend that current discussions have been overly focused on net overseas migration figures, distracting from the more critical issue of the “scale of temporariness.”
The failure to effectively manage the number of temporary migrants has contributed to concerns about social cohesion and the pressures placed on infrastructure, according to Gamlen.
Lessons from Canada
The debate comes as a number of advanced economies grapple with accommodating increased populations following the easing of pandemic border restrictions. Canada recently implemented a “radical migration reset” in late 2024, capping the number of temporary arrivals in an effort to reduce the share of temporary migrants from 7.6% to 5% of its population.

Canada’s population is now shrinking for the first time since the 1940s, and evidence suggests this policy has eased pressure on housing costs. Gamlen believes Australia can learn from this experience, but cautioned against a similarly abrupt response.
Gamlen and McDonald propose that Australia pursue a set number of temporary migrants and link the acceptance of temporary visa holders to the country’s capacity for permanent settlement and infrastructure development. Their goal is to avoid a “metastasised population of guest workers” and manage “temporariness” effectively.
What’s Next?
If Australia adopts a policy focused on managing the stock of temporary migrants, we could see a shift in visa allocations and a greater emphasis on pathways to permanent residency. However, a rapid reduction in temporary migrants, as seen in Canada, could potentially lead to economic challenges. It is also possible that political considerations will continue to influence migration policy, as evidenced by the conflicted positions of both Labor and the Coalition.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main concern raised in the report?
The report argues that Australia needs to address the growing number of nonpermanent residents and the strain this places on public services and housing.
What is the difference between net overseas migration and the “scale of temporariness”?
Net overseas migration figures measure the overall change in population, while the “scale of temporariness” refers specifically to the number of temporary migrants in the country.
What did Canada do to address its temporary migrant population?
Canada implemented a cap on the number of temporary arrivals, aiming to lower the share of temporary migrants from 7.6% to 5% of the population.
How can Australia best balance the economic benefits of migration with the need to manage population pressures?






