Belgium’s Pioneering Sex Work Law: A Slow Burn for Worker Rights
More than a year after Belgium became the first country in the world to introduce employment contracts for sex workers, the uptake has been remarkably slow. While hailed as a landmark achievement for worker rights and safety, the reality on the ground reveals a complex landscape of hesitancy, logistical hurdles, and deeply ingrained practices.
The Promise of Legal Status
In December 2024, Belgium’s law came into effect, aiming to provide sex workers with the same legal protections and social benefits as any other employee – including pension contributions, unemployment benefits, and paid leave. This represented a significant shift from previous approaches, which often criminalized or marginalized those involved in the sex industry.
Limited Uptake: Numbers Tell the Story
Despite the progressive legislation, the number of sex workers benefiting from the new system remains strikingly low. Estimates suggest around 20,000 individuals are involved in sex work in Belgium, yet only a few dozen have secured employment contracts. This disparity highlights the challenges in translating legal frameworks into practical realities.
The Bottleneck: Employer Licensing
A key component of the law is the requirement for employers to obtain a specific license to legally employ sex workers. This licensing process is designed to prevent exploitation and ensure safe working conditions. Though, the stringent conditions and bureaucratic procedures have resulted in a slow trickle of approved licenses. As of February 2026, only five licenses have been granted, with seven additional applications under review.
Why the Slow Progress?
Several factors contribute to the limited adoption of the new law. According to Quentin Deltour of Espace P, progress is “slow” and “méfiance demeure très présente” (mistrust remains very present). A significant portion of sex workers continue to operate as independent contractors, preferring autonomy over the structure of employment. Concerns about privacy, potential stigma, and the complexities of navigating the licensing system also play a role.
Looking Ahead: Potential Future Trends
The initial slow uptake doesn’t necessarily signal failure. Instead, it underscores the need for ongoing adaptation and refinement of the law. Several trends could shape the future of sex work legislation in Belgium and beyond:
- Increased Employer Licensing: Streamlining the licensing process and providing clearer guidance to potential employers could encourage greater participation.
- Worker-Led Initiatives: Empowering sex worker organizations like Utsopi and Espace P to play a more active role in outreach and education could build trust and encourage more workers to explore the benefits of legal employment.
- Expansion of Social Security Access: Addressing gaps in social security coverage for independent sex workers could provide a safety net for those who prefer to remain self-employed.
- International Influence: Belgium’s pioneering law could serve as a model for other countries considering similar reforms. However, successful implementation will require careful consideration of local contexts and cultural sensitivities.
- Focus on Digital Platforms: As more sex work moves online, regulations will need to address the unique challenges and opportunities presented by digital platforms.
Did you know?
Belgium decriminalized prostitution in 2022, paving the way for the introduction of employment contracts in 2024.
FAQ
Q: What is the main goal of Belgium’s sex work law?
A: To provide sex workers with legal status, social protections, and improved working conditions.
Q: Why haven’t more sex workers signed employment contracts?
A: The licensing process for employers is slow, and many workers prefer to remain independent.
Q: Is the law likely to change?
A: It’s likely the law will be adapted and refined based on ongoing feedback and experience.
Q: What is the role of organizations like Utsopi and Espace P?
A: They advocate for the rights of sex workers and provide support and resources.
Pro Tip: For employers considering applying for a license, thorough preparation and understanding of the legal requirements are crucial.
Aim for to learn more about worker rights and legal protections? Read more about the challenges facing Belgium’s sex work law.
