Expert Perspectives: Evidence-Based Applications of Polynucleotides (P

The Future of Skin Rejuvenation: Beyond Fillers with Polynucleotides

For decades, aesthetic medicine has relied on established treatments like hyaluronic acid fillers and collagen stimulators. But a new player is rapidly gaining traction: polynucleotides (PNs). These naturally-derived biomolecules, originally sourced from salmon or trout DNA, are proving to be more than just another “skin booster.” They represent a potential paradigm shift in how we approach skin health, offering a unique blend of restorative and regenerative properties. The global aesthetic market is projected to reach $28.6 billion by 2028 (source: Grand View Research), and PNs are poised to capture a significant share.

Understanding the PN Revolution: How They Work

Unlike traditional fillers that primarily add volume, PNs work at a cellular level. They aren’t simply filling space; they’re prompting the skin to heal itself. PNs create a structural scaffold within the dermis, supporting the extracellular matrix and activating fibroblasts – the cells responsible for collagen production. This isn’t just theoretical. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy reveals PNs form a highly ordered, tessellated structure, almost like a microscopic honeycomb, providing a surface for cells to interact with and rebuild tissue (Kim et al., 2024). This unique structure is key to their effectiveness.

Expanding Applications: From Hydration to Scar Revision

Initially lauded for their hydrating and rejuvenating effects, the applications of PNs are expanding rapidly. Clinical trials and real-world experience demonstrate efficacy in:

• Skin Hydration & Texture: Improving elasticity, reducing fine lines, and boosting overall skin radiance. A randomized controlled trial showed comparable results to hyaluronic acid for crow’s feet and infraorbital rejuvenation (Lee et al., 2022).
• Ligament Support: Strengthening facial ligaments to combat sagging, offering a non-surgical alternative to lifting procedures.
• Rosacea & Eczema: Reducing redness, inflammation, and improving the skin barrier function in these chronic conditions. Studies show PNs can reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increase filaggrin levels, crucial for barrier repair (Ha et al., 2024).
• Scar Remodeling: Improving the appearance of both recent and mature scars, including those from surgery, injury, and acne. PNs stimulate collagen production and reduce hyperpigmentation (Kim et al., 2024).

Recent research is even exploring the potential of PNs in treating androgenetic alopecia (male/female pattern baldness) and melasma, highlighting their versatility (Thanasarnaksorn et al., 2025; Gulfan et al., 2022).

The Rise of Combination Therapies & Personalized Treatments

The future of PN treatments isn’t just about standalone injections. We’re seeing a growing trend towards combination therapies. Combining PNs with:

• Hyaluronic Acid (HA): Synergistic effects for enhanced hydration and structural support.
• Energy-Based Devices (EBDs): Microneedling or laser treatments to create micro-channels, enhancing PN absorption and efficacy, particularly for scar revision.
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): Leveraging the growth factors in PRP to further stimulate collagen production and tissue repair.

Personalized treatment protocols are also becoming increasingly important. Practitioners are tailoring PN formulations, injection techniques, and treatment schedules based on individual skin types, concerns, and patient goals. The use of finer needles (30-32 gauge) for precise intradermal delivery is gaining consensus (Cavallini et al., 2021).

Addressing the Knowledge Gap: Future Research & Long-Term Data

Despite the promising results, more research is needed. Long-term safety data from large-scale registries and post-market surveillance are crucial. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and optimize treatment protocols. Specifically, research should focus on:

• Standardizing PN formulations: Ensuring consistent quality and efficacy across different products.
• Optimizing injection techniques: Developing standardized protocols for different facial regions and skin concerns.
• Investigating long-term effects: Tracking the durability of results and identifying any potential long-term side effects.

The development of more sophisticated diagnostic tools to assess skin quality and predict treatment response will also be key.

PNs and the Consumer: What to Expect

As PNs become more mainstream, consumers can expect increased availability and a wider range of treatment options. However, it’s crucial to choose a qualified and experienced practitioner. Look for providers who have received specialized training in PN injection techniques and understand the nuances of this innovative treatment. Don’t hesitate to ask questions about the product being used, the practitioner’s experience, and potential risks and benefits.

FAQ: Polynucleotides – Your Questions Answered

• What are polynucleotides made from? They are derived from DNA fragments, typically sourced from salmon or trout.
• Is the treatment painful? Most patients report minimal discomfort, similar to other skin booster injections. Topical anesthetic can be used to minimize any discomfort.
• How many treatments are needed? Typically, a series of 3-4 treatments spaced 4-6 weeks apart is recommended.
• Are there any side effects? Common side effects are mild and temporary, such as swelling, redness, and bruising.
• Who is a good candidate for PN treatment? Individuals looking to improve skin hydration, texture, reduce fine lines, address rosacea or eczema, or remodel scars may be good candidates.

Ready to explore the potential of polynucleotides for your skin? Contact a qualified aesthetic practitioner today to discuss your individual needs and goals. Read more about the latest advancements in aesthetic medicine on our blog.

References:

1. Cavallini M, Bartoletti E, Maioli L, et al. Consensus report on the use of PN-HPT (polynucleotides highly purified technology) in aesthetic medicine. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(3):922–928.
2. Gulfan MCB, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Wongdama S, Jantanapornchai N, Yan C, Rakchart S. Efficacy and Safety of Using noninsulated microneedle radiofrequency alone versus in combination with polynucleotides for the treatment of melasma: a pilot study. Dermatol Ther. 2022;12(6):1325–1336.
3. Ha YJ, Tak KH, Jung JM, et al. The effect of polynucleotide-hyaluronic acid hydrogel in the recovery after mechanical skin barrier disruption. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30(9):e70068.
4. Kim MJ, Wan J, Oksana L, et al. Polynucleotide-based treatments for various facial scars including combat injuries. J DermatolTreat. 2024;35(1):2426626.
5. Lee YJ, Kim HT, Lee YJ, et al. Comparison of the effects of polynucleotide and hyaluronic acid fillers on periocular rejuvenation: a randomized, double-blind, split-face trial. J DermatolTreat. 2022;33(1):254–260.
6. Rho N-K, Chung S. Treatment of a full-thickness laceration scar on the forehead using a 1,064-nm fractional picosecond laser and polynucleotide gel injection. Med Lasers. 2018;7:88–90.
7. Thanasarnaksorn W, Limsuchaiwat N, Sirithanabadeekul P, Charoensuksira S, Suwanchinda A, Meephansan J. Polynucleotides as a novel therapeutic approach in androgenetic alopecia: an analysis of effectiveness and safety. Arch Dermatol Res. 25;317(1):399.