On Friday, March 20, 2026, King Felipe VI of Spain was formally invested as the Protocanonigo of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. The ceremony, held at midday, highlighted the historical ties between Spain and the basilica. Both Cardinal Rolandas Makrickas, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica and the King emphasized the enduring connection between the Spanish people and the church during the event.
A Tradition Spanning Centuries
The title of Protocanonigo is an honor reserved exclusively for the Spanish head of state, reinforcing a relationship spanning over three centuries. Cardinal Makrickas noted that the continuation of this tradition “renews the unique bond that unites the Spanish nation, the Crown, and this venerable Marian temple, the oldest in the West dedicated to the Holy Mother of God.”
The Investiture Ceremony
The investiture followed established protocol, beginning with Cardinal Makrickas greeting the Spanish royals at the basilica’s entrance. Following a scripture reading, Cardinal Makrickas delivered a speech emphasizing that tradition is not stagnation, but a “living transmission of a gift that transcends time and renews itself in each generation.” King Felipe VI then expressed gratitude to Cardinal Makrickas and the cathedral chapter for their dedication to preserving “this treasure of Christianity and universal culture.”
Historical Connections and Spiritual Significance
King Felipe VI referenced the Basilica’s history, recalling the legend of the miraculous snowfall in August of 358 that indicated the site for the church’s construction. He also spoke of the Pauline Chapel, home to the image of Our Lady of the Snows, the “Salus Populi Romani,” noting that Pope Francis entrusted his journeys to her protection. The King recalled his own reflection on Pope Francis’s pontificate as “a beacon of ethics for humanity.”
The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore is recognized as the oldest basilica in the West dedicated to the Virgin Mary, with construction dating back to the 5th century, shortly after the Council of Ephesus in 431, where Mary was proclaimed the Mother of God.
A Legacy of Spanish Support
According to Father José Jaime Brosel Gavilá, Rector of the Spanish National Church in Rome and Canon of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, the temple reflects the long-standing connection between Spain and the Catholic Church. Contributions from Spanish monarchs, including gold from the Americas used to adorn the ceiling, demonstrate this historical link. The Basilica also holds significance as the site where Saint Ignatius of Loyola celebrated his first Mass in 1538.
Cardinal Makrickas’ Leadership
Cardinal Rolandas Makrickas was appointed Archpriest of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in 2025, having previously served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 2006 to 2021. He was responsible for reorganizing the basilica’s administration before assuming his current role.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of the title “Protocanonigo”?
It’s an honorary title reserved exclusively for the Spanish head of state, symbolizing the historical and religious connection between Spain and the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore.
When was the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore founded?
It was founded in the 5th century, making it the oldest basilica in the West dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
Who is Cardinal Rolandas Makrickas?
He is the current Archpriest of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, appointed in 2025, with a background in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
How might this continued tradition influence the relationship between Spain and the Vatican in the years to come?
