According to Bloomberg and AP reports cited by Asia Economy, Hungary’s Paks nuclear power plant has completely halted operations for the first time in its 44-year history due to record-low water levels in the Danube River. Prime Minister Péter Magyar announced the full shutdown on August 1, after extreme summer heatwaves and severe droughts left the facility without sufficient cooling water from the adjacent river.
Danube River Water Levels Drop to Historic Lows
The Paks nuclear plant, located in central Hungary, relies directly on drawing river water to cool its active reactors. According to official reports, severe summer droughts caused Danube water levels to plummet to unprecedented lows, making standard cooling operations impossible. When river water volumes drop or temperatures rise too high, facilities must reduce output or trigger complete shutdowns to prevent overheating. The facility’s four reactors, which supply roughly half of the nation’s electricity, had already seen their output cut in half before sliding into a full shutdown.
Economic Impacts and Energy Import Dependency
With domestic generation halted, the Hungarian government faces heavy financial burdens to keep the grid stable. Foreign news outlets indicate that replacing lost nuclear generation with expensive power imports could cost the national economy up to 2000억포린트 forints, roughly 8000억원 won. Prime Minister Magyar stated that households remain at the bottom of restriction lists, but industrial users must cut consumption. Public sector measures include expanded remote work and reduced building lighting.
Did you know?
The Paks nuclear plant began commercial operations with its first reactor in 1982, serving as Hungary’s sole nuclear power station for over four decades.
Wider European Climate Pressures on Energy Infrastructure
This disruption highlights vulnerability across European energy grids as extreme weather alters river ecosystems. During the same timeframe, Romania experienced similar challenges, forcing authorities to halt reactors at the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant due to falling Danube levels. Across the region, low water levels continue to disrupt hydroelectric generation and commercial cargo transport along major European waterways, according to reporting by Choi Seung-woo.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the Paks nuclear plant shut down?
Record-low water levels in the Danube River caused by severe heatwaves and droughts prevented the facility from securing enough cooling water for its reactors.
How is Hungary managing the sudden loss of power?
The government is importing expensive electricity from abroad, asking heavy industries to reduce power consumption, and implementing public sector energy-saving measures like remote work.
Are other countries affected by the Danube water shortage?
Yes, Romania also halted reactors at its Cernavodă nuclear facility due to declining water levels in the same river system.