Measles Rebound: Why Europe’s Progress is Fragile
Europe and Central Asia saw a dramatic 75% decrease in measles cases in 2025 compared to the previous year, with 33,998 reported cases – a significant drop from 2024’s 127,412. However, experts from UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) are cautioning against complacency. The risk of renewed outbreaks remains a serious concern, and 2025’s numbers were still higher than in most years since 2000.
The Setback in Elimination Efforts
Despite the recent decline, the region is facing a worrying trend. The European Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination reported that the number of countries with ongoing or re-established measles transmission increased from 12 to 19 between the previous year and a September meeting. This represents the region’s largest setback in recent years, highlighting the vulnerability of current immunization programs.
Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease, and even though a safe and effective vaccine exists, approximately 30 million infants globally remained unprotected in 2024. The virus can lead to severe complications and, tragically, death, particularly in young children. An estimated 95,000 measles deaths occurred globally in 2024.
Why Vaccination Rates Matter
WHO regional director Hans Henri Kluge emphasizes that continued spread is inevitable unless communities achieve 95% vaccination coverage. Closing immunity gaps across all age groups is crucial. Currently, the proportion of children receiving a first dose of the measles vaccine stands at 84%, slightly below the 2019 level of 86%.
UNICEF regional director Regina De Dominicis points to the need for stronger routine vaccination programs and rapid response during outbreaks. Addressing vaccine hesitancy, often fueled by misinformation, is also paramount. Without reaching all children with vaccination, the risk of serious illness or death persists.
Global Context and Ongoing Challenges
The situation in Europe mirrors a global trend. Over the last five years, measles outbreaks have been reported in over 100 countries, impacting roughly three-quarters of the world’s children. This underscores the interconnectedness of global health and the importance of coordinated efforts to combat preventable diseases.
Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, major epidemics occurred every two to three years, resulting in an estimated 2.6 million deaths annually. While significant progress has been made, the recent resurgence of cases demonstrates that vigilance is essential.
What’s Being Done?
UNICEF and WHO are actively collaborating with governments and partners, including Gavi, the vaccine alliance, and the European Union, to strengthen immunization programs, improve disease surveillance, and enhance outbreak preparedness. These efforts are vital to reversing the current trend and protecting vulnerable populations.
Frequently Asked Questions
- How contagious is measles? Measles is extremely contagious and spreads easily through the air when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes.
- What are the symptoms of measles? Symptoms include a high fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash all over the body.
- Is the measles vaccine safe? Yes, the measles vaccine is safe and effective in preventing the disease.
- Why are measles cases increasing? Decreasing vaccination rates and the spread of misinformation are contributing to the increase in measles cases.
Pro Tip: Stay informed about measles outbreaks in your area and ensure your family is up-to-date on vaccinations.
Learn more about UNICEF’s work on immunization: https://www.unicefusa.org/what-unicef-does/childrens-health/immunization/measles
Further information on measles can be found at the WHO: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles
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