Mexico and the United States announced on Friday that they have reached an agreement under the 1944 bilateral Water Treaty, a step that would neutralize the 5 % tariff threat raised by the U.S. president.
The accord states that Mexico “intends to release” 249.163 million m³ of water, with the first deliveries scheduled for the week of 15 December.
Both governments stressed the “critical importance” of honoring the delivery obligations set out in the 1944 Water Treaty, noting the direct impact on communities on both sides of the border.
They also affirmed that negotiations are ongoing, with the aim of finalising the implementation plan by 31 January 2026, as detailed in a communiqué from Mexico’s Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores.
In the event of non‑compliance, each country may act “sovereignly, according to its national interests, subject to its international obligations in the Treaty,” the statement added.
The parties reiterated the need to continue coordinated cooperation under the 1944 Water Treaty and the IBWC framework.
The agreement follows several days of talks after President Trump threatened on Monday to impose a 5 % tariff on Mexico if the country does not release the 246.6 million m³ of water pending under the treaty by 31 December.
The treaty, in force since 1944, governs the shared management of the Colorado, Bravo and Conchos rivers.
President Trump warned that Mexico still owes more than 986.4 million m³ accumulated over the past five years, and that U.S. farmers and ranchers would continue to suffer economic losses until the treaty’s terms are met.
According to the treaty, the United States must deliver 1 850 million m³ from the Colorado River each year to Mexico, while Mexico must provide 2 185 million m³ from the Bravo River in five‑year cycles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the 5 % tariff that was threatened?
The tariff was a trade measure the U.S. president said would be imposed on Mexico if it failed to release the water volumes required by the 1944 Water Treaty before 31 December.
How much water does Mexico plan to release under the new agreement?
Mexico intends to release 249.163 million cubic metres of water, with deliveries beginning the week of 15 December.
What are the water delivery obligations of the United States and Mexico under the treaty?
The United States must send 1 850 million cubic metres from the Colorado River each year to Mexico, and Mexico must deliver 2 185 million cubic metres from the Bravo River in five‑year cycles.
How might this renewed cooperation shape water security for border communities?
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