The Shifting Sands of Identity: How Sub-Saharan Migration is Reshaping North Africa
Migration from sub-Saharan Africa is profoundly altering the political and cultural landscape of North Africa, particularly in Morocco. A recent discussion with Brahim El Guabli, associate professor of comparative thought and literature at Johns Hopkins University, highlighted this “Sub-Saharan Turn” and its reflection in contemporary Moroccan literature. This shift isn’t merely demographic; it’s a fundamental reshaping of identity, politics and artistic expression.
The Literary Lens on Migration
El Guabli’s essay, “The Sub-Saharan Turn in Moroccan Literature,” published in the Spring 2021 issue of Middle East Report, examines how Moroccan novelists are grappling with the increasing presence and influence of sub-Saharan migrants. These narratives move beyond simple depictions of migration to explore the complexities of integration, discrimination, and the evolving definition of what it means to be Moroccan. The conversation, part of MERIP’s In the Archive series, revealed how these literary representations are contributing to a broader understanding of these changes.
Saharanism: A New Conceptual Framework
The discussion as well touched upon El Guabli’s concept of “saharanism,” further developed in his newly published book, Desert Imaginations: A History of Saharanism and Its Radical Consequences. This framework explores the historical and cultural connections between the Sahara Desert and its surrounding regions, challenging traditional boundaries and offering a new perspective on North African identity. Saharanism acknowledges the long-standing interactions and shared histories between North and Sub-Saharan Africa, moving beyond a focus on more recent migration patterns.
Beyond Morocco: Regional Implications
Even as the focus of El Guabli’s work is Morocco, the trends he identifies have broader implications for the entire Maghreb region and beyond. Increased migration flows are prompting similar conversations about identity and belonging in countries like Algeria and Tunisia. The historical and cultural ties highlighted by “saharanism” are also relevant to understanding the complex relationships between North Africa and the Sahel region.
Remembering Shared Histories: The Case of Jewish Communities
The interplay between migration, identity, and historical memory extends to other communities within the region. Brahim El Guabli, alongside Mostafa Hussein, edited a volume, Remembering Jews in Maghrebi and Middle Eastern Media, which explores the complex narratives surrounding the departure of Jewish citizens from Arab and Amazigh societies. This work underscores the importance of acknowledging and preserving the memories of diverse communities that have shaped the cultural fabric of North Africa and the Middle East.
The Role of Historical Narratives
Understanding these shifts requires a deeper engagement with historical narratives. Works like Abdel Rahman Munif’s Cities of Salt and Shamil Jeppie’s Writing Timbuktu offer valuable insights into the historical and cultural dynamics of the region. Similarly, Ghislaine Lydon’s On Trans-Saharan Trails illuminates the long-standing connections and exchanges that have shaped the Sahara and its surrounding areas.
Future Trends and Considerations
Several trends are likely to shape the future of these dynamics:
- Increased Migration Pressures: Climate change, political instability, and economic disparities are likely to drive further migration from sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa and Europe.
- Evolving Identity Politics: The integration of migrants will continue to challenge traditional notions of national identity, leading to both opportunities for greater inclusivity and potential for social tensions.
- The Rise of New Cultural Expressions: Artists and writers will continue to play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions of migration and identity, offering new perspectives and challenging existing narratives.
- Greater Focus on Trans-Saharan Connections: The concept of “saharanism” and similar frameworks are likely to gain prominence as scholars and policymakers seek to understand the complex relationships between North and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Pro Tip:
To stay informed about these evolving dynamics, consider exploring publications like Middle East Report and following the work of scholars like Brahim El Guabli.
FAQ
Q: What is “saharanism”?
A: Saharanism is a conceptual framework developed by Brahim El Guabli that explores the historical and cultural connections between the Sahara Desert and its surrounding regions, challenging traditional boundaries and offering a new perspective on North African identity.
Q: What role does literature play in understanding migration?
A: Moroccan literature, as discussed by El Guabli, provides a valuable lens for examining the complexities of migration, integration, and the evolving definition of Moroccan identity.
Q: Where can I uncover more information about MERIP’s work?
A: You can find more information and submit pitches for their summer issue on visual art and cultural production in the Middle East and North Africa by visiting their website.
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