Ashot Danielyan, the President of the exile parliament of Berg-Karabach, visited Bern this week to advocate for the nearly 150,000 ethnic Armenians who were forced to flee their homeland in autumn 2023. These displaced individuals left behind their possessions to seek refuge in Armenia, where they now face significant hardships.
Challenges for Displaced Populations
During his visit, Danielyan highlighted the ongoing struggles of the Karabakh Armenians, noting that many are finding it difficult to secure affordable housing or employment. He also pointed to bureaucratic obstacles created by Armenian authorities, as many refugees were unable to bring all their necessary documentation during their flight.
The Struggle for a Peace Forum
Danielyan expressed gratitude for the sympathy shown by Swiss parliamentarians. He specifically emphasized the importance of a motion passed last year by the National Council and the Council of States, known as Motion 24.4259.
This motion requests that the Federal Council organize an international peace forum to address the Berg-Karabach conflict. The goal is for Switzerland to promote a direct dialogue between Azerbaijan and the Karabakh Armenians to facilitate the eventual return of the displaced population.
However, the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (EDA) has indicated that the implementation of Motion 24.4259 is currently unfeasible. In a statement to SRF, the EDA noted that both Armenia and Azerbaijan have explicitly stated that such a forum is not desired.
Political Friction and Diplomatic Limits
Stefan Müller-Altermatt, a National Councilor for the Centre party and Co-President of the Swiss-Armenian Society, described the EDA’s response as unsatisfactory. He argued that while there are limits to what is possible, efforts must be made to push those boundaries rather than simply accepting that the two countries are unwilling to participate.
The EDA maintains that Berg-Karabach belongs to Azerbaijan under international law, which is why representatives from the department did not receive Danielyan during his visit. While Switzerland has publicly called for the right of refugees to return to their home region, its diplomatic influence is facing new hurdles.
Shifting Mediators and Future Risks
Switzerland’s role in the region is further complicated by a shift in mediation. Armenia and Azerbaijan are increasingly relying on the United States for peace talks, moving away from the Swiss-led OSCE.
Current peace agreement plans are highly controversial within Armenia because they omit the right of return for displaced Karabakh Armenians. Due to a lack of international pressure and the military superiority of Azerbaijan, the needs and rights of the Karabakh Armenians may be overlooked in final agreements.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is Ashot Danielyan?
Ashot Danielyan is the President of the exile parliament of Berg-Karabach and a key representative for the Armenians displaced from the region.
What is the purpose of Motion 24.4259?
The motion asks the Swiss Federal Council to organize an international peace forum and encourage direct dialogue between Azerbaijan and Karabakh Armenians to enable the displaced population to return home.
Why did the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs not meet with Danielyan?
The EDA stated that Berg-Karabach belongs to Azerbaijan under international law, and therefore did not provide official representatives to receive the exile parliament president.
Do you believe international mediators should prioritize territorial law or the right of displaced populations to return to their homes?