A new report details a continuing legacy of impunity for wartime abuses in Sri Lanka, profoundly impacting the lives of survivors who experience long-term physical injuries, psychological trauma, and social exclusion. The report, titled We lost everything – even hope for justice, is based on over a decade of UN monitoring and consultations with survivors, civil society, and experts.
Historical Context of Abuse
The report documents that conflict-related sexual violence dates back to at least the 1970s, during the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) insurrections, and continued through the conflict between Government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) which lasted from 1983 to 2009. During these periods, sexual violence was reportedly used as a method of intimidation, punishment, and control.
Ongoing Challenges
Despite the end of active hostilities in 2009, the report finds that militarisation, emergency legal frameworks, and a weakened rule of law have contributed to alarming impunity for gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Survivors – both women and men – face intimidation, surveillance, and stigma, leading to widespread under-reporting and a lack of effective remedies. One survivor described sexual violence to UN investigators as “a torture that never stops.”
Legal and Systemic Gaps
The report highlights significant gaps in Sri Lanka’s legal framework. There is currently no specific legislation addressing conflict-related sexual violence. Statutes of limitation remain in place, forensic capacity is limited, and prosecutions are rare. Male and LGBTQ+ survivors are particularly marginalized, with some experiences unacknowledged or even criminalized under existing laws.
Calls for Action
The report emphasizes that recognition and accountability are essential to restoring dignity and advancing reconciliation. It calls on the Government of Sri Lanka to publicly acknowledge past sexual violence committed by State forces and others, and to issue a formal apology. It also recommends survivor-centred reforms across the security sector, judiciary, and legal framework, the establishment of an independent prosecution office, and ensuring access to psychological and social support.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the report say about international law?
The report states that sexual violence in conflict constitutes a serious violation of international law, which may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity. Sri Lanka is legally obligated, under multiple international treaties and commitments, to prevent, investigate, and prosecute such violations and ensure reparation for survivors.
Who is affected by this issue?
The report notes that survivors – women and men alike – face ongoing challenges. Male and LGBTQ+ survivors are particularly invisible, with some experiences unacknowledged or criminalized under existing laws.
What is the current status of prosecutions?
Prosecutions are rare due to gaps in the legal framework, limited forensic capacity, and the persistence of statutes of limitation.
What steps must be taken to ensure justice and healing for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Sri Lanka?