Since 1945, over 80 former colonies representing some 750 million people have achieved independence. Despite this progress, 17 Non-Self-Governing Territories, with a combined population of nearly two million, remain on the United Nations list awaiting self-determination. These territories are geographically diverse, ranging from Western Sahara in Africa to various small islands in the Caribbean and Pacific.
A Core Subject for the UN
The issue of decolonization was recently highlighted at the opening of the 2026 session of the Special Committee on Decolonization – also known as the C-24. The Secretary-General, speaking through his Chef de Cabinet Courtenay Rattray, emphasized that decolonization has been a central goal of the United Nations “since its earliest days.”
The Secretary-General stated, “This Organization was created as a place where nations could meet as equals, not as rulers and ruled.” Still, he also cautioned that the effects of colonialism continue to be felt today.
According to the Secretary-General, “The legacy of colonialism has left profound scars through deeply rooted mechanisms of economic exploitation, as well as in the form of racism, inequality and persistent exclusion from the decision-making bodies.” The C-24’s function is guided by the 1960 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and relevant UN Charter provisions.
Intensifying Climate Threats
Many of the remaining territories, particularly small island nations, face increasing threats from climate change. Rising sea levels, coastal erosion, and more frequent extreme weather events are damaging infrastructure, impacting local economies reliant on tourism and fisheries, and straining limited resources.
The Secretary-General urged the Special Committee to prioritize “resilience and adaptation” in its discussions.
Call for Inclusive Dialogue
The Secretary-General outlined three key priorities for advancing the decolonization process. First, he called for “inclusive dialogue” involving Non-Self-Governing Territories, administering Powers, UN Member States, and other stakeholders, emphasizing that each situation requires an individualized approach consistent with the UN Charter, the 1960 Declaration, and relevant General Assembly resolutions.
Second, he stressed “the central role of young people,” asserting that “the vision and leadership of the next generation is vital to building a productive and inclusive future.” Finally, he underscored the “urgency of climate action,” particularly for island territories facing existential risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the C-24?
The C-24, or Special Committee on Decolonization, was established by the UN General Assembly in 1961 to monitor progress toward self-government for territories that have not yet attained “a full measure of self-government.”
How many territories are still on the UN list for decolonization?
Currently, 17 Non-Self-Governing Territories remain on the UN list, home to nearly two million people.
What are the Secretary-General’s priorities for completing decolonization?
The Secretary-General has outlined three priorities: inclusive dialogue, recognizing the central role of young people, and addressing the urgency of climate action.
As the UN continues to address the issue of decolonization, what role should international cooperation play in supporting the self-determination of remaining territories?
