The United States and Iran are preparing to electronically sign a memorandum of understanding to extend a 60-day ceasefire. This preliminary step aims to launch “technical talks” regarding the Iranian nuclear program, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, and the release of frozen assets, according to Reuters and official government statements.
What are the primary terms of the proposed ceasefire?
A draft memorandum of understanding, reviewed by Reuters from Western, Iranian, and Pakistani sources, outlines a framework for regional de-escalation. The proposed terms involve lifting sanctions on Iranian oil exports and releasing billions of dollars in frozen Iranian assets. In exchange, Iran would reopen the Strait of Hormuz and cease hostilities on various fronts, including the conflict in Lebanon.
While President Donald Trump stated on Saturday that a preliminary agreement to end the Middle East war is scheduled for signing on Sunday, the Iranian Foreign Ministry has urged caution. Iranian officials expressed doubt about the signing timeline, noting that consultations remain ongoing.
How do the US and Iran differ on the nuclear program?
A significant gap exists between Washington and Tehran regarding the future of Iran’s nuclear capabilities. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated on Friday that Iran intends to keep its uranium in a low-enriched form and will not agree to dismantle its nuclear program. He noted that technical details regarding the program would be addressed within 60 days of the initial signing.
The United States maintains a different requirement. A US official stated that a final agreement must lead to the dismantlement of the Iranian nuclear program, including the destruction or transfer of high-enriched uranium stockpiles. President Trump described the negotiated agreement as a “barrier” to Iran obtaining a nuclear weapon.
Trump also mentioned that the US would work to recover and degrade any remaining nuclear materials located under Iranian facilities that were previously targeted by airstrikes. He stated these materials would be down-enriched or destroyed either within Iran or on US soil.
Will the Strait of Hormuz be free for all ships?
The management of the Strait of Hormuz remains a major point of contention. President Trump announced that the strait will open “immediately to everyone” once the agreement is signed. A US official added that the strait could potentially be open without fees, noting that the next phase would involve G7-supported mine clearance operations.
However, Foreign Minister Araghchi signaled that Iranian maritime policy is changing. According to Iranian media, Araghchi said that services provided in the strait “will not be free anymore.” He emphasized that the strait is under the joint sovereignty of Iran and Oman and that Iranian military forces will remain present to ensure regional security.
Thomas Warwick, a senior advisor at the Atlantic Council and former US State Department official, told Asharq that reopening the strait is the “first step.” He noted that if Tehran attempts to charge transit fees, Washington would likely view it as a violation of the agreement.
How will frozen assets and oil sanctions be handled?
The financial components of the deal involve a complex exchange of economic relief for security guarantees. Reuters reports that the draft includes the release of billions of dollars in frozen Iranian assets and the easing of oil export sanctions.
Ismail Baghaei, a spokesperson for the Iranian Foreign Ministry, confirmed via the Fars news agency that the release of these assets is a fundamental part of the negotiations. There is, however, a distinction in how the parties describe the money.
While reports highlight the release of frozen assets, President Trump clarified that the agreement does not involve providing “American money” to Tehran. This distinction suggests the funds being discussed are Iranian assets held abroad rather than new US taxpayer funding.
Comparison of Nuclear Stances
| Issue | Iranian Position | US Position |
|---|---|---|
| Uranium Stockpile | Keep low-enriched uranium | Destroy/transfer high-enriched stock |
| Program Status | Maintain program for peaceful use | Complete dismantlement |
What is the status of the conflict in Lebanon?
The draft memorandum includes provisions to stop hostilities on multiple fronts, specifically mentioning Lebanon. This has created friction with Israeli leadership. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Tel Aviv would not be a party to the agreement.
Furthermore, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz warned that Israel might continue independent operations against Iranian interests. A US official responded to these concerns by stating that while the US does not expect allies to forgo their right to self-defense, involving all parties in a peace process is intended to encourage broader stability.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the US-Iran deal officially signed?
No. Currently, the parties are working toward an electronic signing of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for a 60-day ceasefire, rather than a final, permanent treaty.
Will Iran’s nuclear program be destroyed?
The US says a final deal will lead to the dismantlement of the program. Iran, however, maintains it will keep its low-enriched uranium program intact for peaceful purposes.
Does the deal include Israel?
The draft focuses on US-Iran relations, but includes provisions for stopping hostilities in Lebanon. Prime Minister Netanyahu has stated that Israel is not a party to this agreement.
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