In Pematangsiantar, a city in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, a unique form of transportation is facing an uncertain future. The becak siantar – a three-wheeled vehicle powered by a modified motorcycle – has long been a symbol of the city, but its numbers are dwindling.
A City Defined by its Ride
Located approximately 130 km from the provincial capital of Medan, Pematangsiantar is one of the few Indonesian cities where these motorized rickshaws remain in operation. Unlike the pedal-powered rickshaws common elsewhere in Indonesia, the becak siantar evolved from motorcycle modifications beginning in the mid-20th century. Local mechanics adapted motorcycles to carry passengers, creating a vehicle suited to the city’s streets.
For drivers like Junaidi, who has worked in Pematangsiantar for over 25 years, the becak siantar represents more than just a livelihood. “For us, this is not just a job,” Junaidi stated. “This is our identity. People recognize Pematangsiantar because of becak siantar.”
A Declining Fleet
The becak siantar once numbered around 1,000 vehicles, but today fewer than 100 remain actively operating. This decline is attributed to several factors, including changing transportation preferences, the rise of ride-hailing services, and increased private motorcycle ownership, particularly among younger residents. Rising fuel prices and maintenance costs also contribute to the financial strain on drivers.
Many of the vehicles still in use rely on engines dating back to the 1940s and 1950s, requiring constant maintenance and dedication from their owners. However, stricter traffic regulations and safety standards pose a significant challenge, as older vehicles may struggle to comply.
Despite these challenges, tourism offers a glimmer of hope. Visitors traveling to nearby Lake Toba often seek out the becak siantar for a slower-paced, authentic experience of the city. As Junaidi noted, “As long as there are passengers, we will continue to operate.”
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a becak siantar?
A becak siantar is a three-wheeled vehicle used for public transport in Pematangsiantar, Indonesia. It is powered by a modified motorcycle and features a side passenger cabin.
How many becak siantar are currently operating?
Fewer than 100 becak siantar are currently actively operating on the streets of Pematangsiantar.
What is causing the decline of the becak siantar?
The decline is due to changing transportation preferences, the popularity of ride-hailing services, rising fuel and maintenance costs, and stricter traffic regulations.
As Indonesia’s cities continue to modernize, the future of the becak siantar remains uncertain. It could continue to exist as a niche tourist attraction, or it may gradually disappear as newer forms of transportation become more prevalent. It is also possible that drivers and local authorities could find ways to adapt the vehicles to meet modern safety standards, allowing them to continue serving the community.
What role do you think traditional forms of transportation should play in modern cities?
