In a move signaling a significant shift in Chinese politics, Xi Jinping removed Zhang Youxia from his position on the Central Military Commission (CMC) on January 24. This decision, described as a “Shakespearean moment” given the decades-long relationship between the two men, underscores Xi’s consolidation of power and his apparent lack of trust within the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
A Longstanding Relationship Severed
Xi and Zhang’s families have deep historical ties, with their fathers serving as comrades during China’s civil war. Zhang was considered Xi’s closest ally within the PLA’s high command and, remarkably, was promoted to the top position for a military officer as recently as 2022, even after the unofficial retirement age. This promotion, following a series of purges, highlighted the perceived value Xi placed on the relationship.
The Rationale for Removal
PLA Daily, the military’s official publication, stated Zhang’s removal stemmed from “political and corruption problems” that threatened the party’s control over the armed forces. However, observers suggest these claims may be a pretext, given the endemic nature of corruption within the PLA, particularly within the Equipment Development Department, which Zhang previously led.
The timing of the purge is also noteworthy. Xi could have allowed Zhang to retire peacefully next year, ahead of the Chinese Communist Party Congress in 18 months. Instead, the move echoes a similar display of power at the 2022 party congress, when Xi had his predecessor, Hu Jintao, publicly escorted from proceedings.
Implications for the PLA and Beyond
Zhang’s dismissal is seen as the culmination of Xi’s decade-long effort to assert control over the PLA, eliminate insularity, and ensure the military’s loyalty to the Communist Party. Of the seven members on the CMC at the start of Xi’s third term in 2023, only one uniformed member and Xi himself remain. This leaves Xi with a blank slate to restructure the commission and appoint leaders loyal to him.
Xi’s actions also suggest a degree of comfort with the current external environment, particularly regarding Taiwan. The former Trump administration’s ambiguous stance on Taiwan’s defense, and shifting political dynamics on the island, may have created a window for Xi to pursue this internal restructuring.
What Might Come Next
It is possible Xi will further restructure the CMC, potentially increasing the number of civilian representatives to solidify party control. The individual appointed to fill any civilian positions on the CMC could be viewed as a potential successor to Xi. Further purges within the PLA are also possible as Xi seeks to populate the leadership with individuals he deems fully loyal.
Frequently Asked Questions
What prompted Xi Jinping to remove Zhang Youxia?
PLA Daily stated Zhang was removed due to “political and corruption problems” that threatened the party’s leadership over the armed forces. However, outside observers believe this may be a pretext for removing Zhang rather than the true cause.
How does this removal affect Xi Jinping’s power?
The removal further consolidates Xi Jinping’s power by eliminating a potential rival and allowing him to appoint leaders loyal to him. It demonstrates his willingness to exert control even over long-standing allies.
What impact could this have on China’s military objectives, particularly regarding Taiwan?
While the removal does not necessarily indicate an imminent conflict, it demonstrates Xi’s commitment to ensuring the military is prepared for any eventuality, including a potential conflict over Taiwan. He is using a period of relative calm to strengthen the PLA’s readiness.
Given the sweeping changes underway within the PLA, what does this signal about Xi Jinping’s long-term vision for China’s military and its role in the world?
